An Australian pub or hotel is a short-term public house or pub , in Australia, and is a licensed establishment for serving alcoholic beverages for on-site consumption. They also provide other services, as entertainment venues, serving food and providing basic accommodation.
Video Australian pub
Origin
The Australian pub is a direct descent from English and Irish pubs. The production and consumption of alcoholic beverages have long played a key role in Western trade and social activity, and this is reflected in the importance of pubs in British colonization in Australia after 1788. However, in the 19th century local versions evolved a number of distinctive features that set it apart from classic Irish pubs or urban Ireland.
In many cases, pubs are the first buildings built in newly colonized areas, especially in gold fields, and new towns often grow around them. The pub usually serves a variety of functions, simultaneously serving as a hostel, post office, restaurant, meeting place and sometimes even a general store.
Maps Australian pub
The development of the nineteenth century
The pubs proliferated during the 19th century, especially during the gold rush that began in the 1850s, and many fine examples were built in the capital of the country and major regional cities and towns. Some of the best colonial era pubs in major Australian cities have been victims of city rebuilding, which has destroyed most of Australia's 19th century architectural heritage. The state capitals such as Melbourne and Adelaide, and major cities and towns like Kalgoorlie in Western Australia still boast some examples, and many other 19th century pubs that survive in rural towns.
Among the colonial era hotels, now lost in development, were the Bellevue Hotel in Brisbane (demolished in 1979) and two Sydney hotels - the Australian Hotel, which once stood at the corner of Castlereagh St and Martin Place (destroyed by the Year 1970 to pave the way for the MLC Center and Hotel Tattersall on Pitt St. The marble plates were dismantled and reassembled in the basement beneath the Sydney Hilton Hotel, built on the site of the Tattersall Hotel in the early 1970s.
The development that established the style of a typical modern Australian pub was the introduction of an American-style bar in the early nineteenth century. Customers began to sit apart from tax collectors, the atmosphere became commercial instead of homes and pubs into public places that were clearly dominated by male-dominated men.
Culture of beer in Australia
Australian beer culture is a derivation of northern European tradition, which loves beverages derived from grains such as beer and alcohol, while in southern European countries such as Italy and Greece, wine is the drink of choice. Beer for many years is the best-selling alcoholic beverage in Australia, and Australia has long had one of the highest levels of beer consumption per capita in the world.
Australia did not develop a significant wine-making industry until the 20th century and while the wine industry grew steadily, wine did not become a major consumer drink until the late 20th century. Therefore, for the period between 1800 and 1950, alcohol production and consumption in Australia were dominated by beer and alcohol, with Australian pubs becoming synonymous with cold pilsener beer.
The effect of permissions laws
The liquor licensing policy in early colonial Australia was relatively liberal, but by the end of the 19th century there was growing pressure from conservative Christian groups, known as the Temperance League, to limit the sale of alcohol. In 1916, after drunken soldiers rioted in Sydney, a new licensing law restricted alcohol in all Australian states, in many cases banning sales after 6pm. The new regulation also forces tax collectors to seek a spiritual license to also obtain a beer license and provide accommodation.
The licensing law limits the sale and service of alcohol almost exclusively to pubs for decades. Alcohol can usually be bought only in pubs, and many countries place restrictions on the number of bottles per customer that can be sold on the table. It was not until the end of the 20th century that "bottle shops" and chain store outlets (where liquor was sold but not served) became common and restaurants and cafes were licensed more broadly to serve liquor or to allow customers " bring your own ".
Opening hours are generally very restricted, and pubs are usually open only from 10 am to 6 pm, Monday through Saturday. Some pubs are granted a special license to open and close earlier - e.g. open at 6 am and close at 3 pm - in an area where there are many people working night shift. The pub is always closed on Sundays, until various states, the Sunday Departure Act was lifted during the 1950s and early 1960s.
This restriction creates a small but profitable black market in illegal alcohol, leading to the proliferation of illegal alcohol outlets in many urban areas; the so-called "cunning gy shop". After the Australian Federation in 1901, Australia's new constitution ruled that the Commonwealth of Australia had no power to enact legislation in this field, so that each state imposed and enforced its own drinking regulations. This means lobbying Prohibition in Australia should lobby every state government, and can not achieve a national ban on the sale of alcohol. Although liquor sales were still severely restricted for many years, Australia did not experience many social problems, including the massive expansion of organized crime resulting from the US Prohibition of the 1920s.
Beer type
Probably because of the hot and dry climate, Australian beer drinkers soon came to support the cool pilsener style beer. This trend is reinforced by the expansion and consolidation of the Australian brewing industry, and by the growth of hops, especially in Tasmania.
The dominance of cold pilsener beer is further reinforced by the invention of cooling. Australia was one of the first countries to adopt new technologies on a large scale and the pub was one of the first local businesses to use refrigeration to keep beer cool.
Another notable feature of Australian beer is its relatively high alcohol content, which for years typically ranges from 4 percent to 6 percent alcohol - somewhat higher than that of British and American counterparts.
Beer production in Australia begins with a small private beer factory supplying local pubs. Industries quickly became larger in scale and more centralized as brewers adopted mass production techniques during the late 19th century and new modes of transportation began to operate.
In the 20th century, large brewing companies have become very large and vertically integrated businesses. They own a brewery and run a truck fleet and distribution network, and a large brewery has pub chains across the country. The venue is usually operated on a charter basis by a licensed applicant.
As they grow, larger and more successful companies start taking over smaller factories, although they often retain older brand names and loyal customers of these brands, such as Carlton & amp; United Breweries (CUB) continues to distribute "KB Lager" and "Pilsener Resch" and "DA" ("Dinner Ale") after they have purchased and finally closed the Reschs and Tooths factory. By the mid-20th century the brewing industry was dominated by a handful of big companies and state-owned companies: Gigi and Toohey in Sydney, Carlton United in Melbourne, Castlemaine in Brisbane, West End and Coopers in Adelaide and Swan in Perth. These brands effectively became the unofficial mascots for their respective states. In Victoria, until the late 1990s, the difference was noticeable from serving fellow Cub Carlton Draft owners in taps and Victoria Bitter and, to a lesser extent, Melbourne Bitter in bottles and cans; when Victoria Bitter became the leading national brand in the tap, in turn it became more common on tap in Victoria.
At the end of the 20th century, this beer empire began to flourish abroad, before they merged into a consolidated global producer; brands under the Australasia CUB and Lion-Nathan subsidiaries of the large global beverage kingdom have a considerable presence in Australasia, Britain, Europe and many other areas.
Pubs and permissions laws
Each Australian country has its own liquor licensing law governing when the pub can be opened and closed. To date this law is relatively strict, an inheritance from the influence of Christian 'reformist' Temperance groups in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Movement of simplicity
The concerns of these groups exist in some areas that are well-founded. Alcohol abuse is a social problem that is endemic in most western countries and, as the development of local refineries and distillation industries, is rapidly becoming a serious problem in Australia. However, the Temperance movement is driven by a dogmatic view of the Christian world, and the goal of a larger "Christian Morality" movement today is to ban social behavior contrary to Christianity - this includes alcohol consumption, all forms of gambling and animal racing, prostitution and drug use (non-alcohol).
Temperance supporters fear - with some justification - that workers will spend all their time and money in the pub if they are allowed to stay there through the night, and that children and families will suffer as a result (which they often do). Pubs are considered to be a liaison for all sorts of immoral activities, including illegal "SP betting", and the Temperance movement lobbies long and difficult to have tightly regulated public houses and their hours are heavily restricted.
In this area, the "wowser" (as they are dubbed) is very successful but this high moral issue backfires, at least in terms of liquor, and the new law led to the evolution of new phenomena in the twentieth-century Australia. pub culture.
Six o'clock shift
Since the advent of eight hours a day through the late 1970s, most Australian blue-collar workers are tied at 9 am-5pm, Monday-to-Friday work schedules. Since most pubs are only allowed to stay open until 6 pm, workers will usually go to the nearest pub as soon as they finish work at 5 pm, where they will drink as much as possible, as quickly as possible, within an hour before the Pub closes. This practice came to be known as a "six-hour round".
It fosters an endemic culture of everyday liquor, which in turn creates a persistent problem of alcohol-related violence - drunk customers regularly enter alcohol-fueled fights inside and around the pub, and many husbands arrive home late in the evening who are very drunk, with negative consequences. This destructive "tradition" persisted in most of the 20th century but quickly disappeared after the 1960s, when changes to the licensing laws of most countries allowed pubs to remain open until 10 pm.
Another factor that strengthens the relationship between pubs and drinking problems is the fact that, until the late 20th century in most of Australia, alcohol can usually only be bought at pub counters, and the types and quantities of alcohol that can be sold are also limited.
Bottle shop
The pub-based "bottle shop," usually one of the little bars converted into a bottle-selling area for cans and bottles, is now commonplace in Australian pubs, but this only began to emerge in the 1960s. This is followed by special retail outlet chains "special sales" where alcohol is not served on the spot. Alcoholic drinks are rarely sold in Australian grocery stores, and specialty liquor stores account for the bulk of alcohol sold in Australia. In most major cities and towns there are also designated "starters" designated, pubs that are specifically licensed to open in the morning and close mid-afternoon. This early opener mainly caters to shift workers who have just completed 9 pm - 6 pm.
Pub crawl
Another Australian pub tradition, which some people consider as unwelcome as at six o'clock, is a pub crawl. In many cities and suburbs, it is common to find many pubs located within close proximity of each other. This becomes a routine tradition, especially on weekends and public holidays, for groups of drinkers to have a marathon drinking session that moves from pub to pub. Pub crawling will begin in the afternoon or late afternoon, then continue to each of the neighboring pubs in turn. Although still continuing in some areas, the worst excesses of pub crawl tradition have been largely lost thanks to responsible alcohol law enforcement (RSA). This law has made it illegal to serve drunk customers and both places and servers are responsible for heavy fines for supplying alcohol to drunk people.
Violence and crime
These regulations and conventions create a climate in which many pubs - especially those located near docks and other industrial premises - gain a reputation as a place of violence, danger and generally unpleasant. Australians are among the highest per capita alcohol consumers in the world, and the combination of large amounts of alcohol, male customers and aggravating factors such as regular six-hour shifts lead to a fierce clash between drunk customers.
The relationship between pubs and crime in Australia has been established from the beginning, and some inner city and suburban pubs are frequented by criminals, who meet there to recruit legs and plan "jobs". Criminals also regularly use certain pubs as "store fronts" to sell their criminal proceeds on the black market. By the end of the 20th century, this dubious tradition came to include drug trafficking, and every major Australian city had a pub that became famous since the 1970s as a virtual "supermarket" for marijuana, amphetamines, heroin, and other drugs.
Gambling
Games and bets are a major part of Australian pub culture. Legal gambling is a relatively new phenomenon in Australia, but illegal games have always been a part of pub culture. Since legal bets on horses and dog races for years are restricted to racetracks, and no off-track bets are allowed, illegal bets (usually known as "starting price" or SP bets) breed. The pub becomes the main venue for the collection of bets and winning distributions. An Australian writer has noted that the manufacture of SP bets was widespread in the early 20th century which is "the cybercriminal act of civil disobedience".
One of the betting games most closely related to the Aussie pub is a two-up coin game, which was very popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is most often associated with Anzac Day celebrations on 25 April each year. In the years after World War I, it became traditional that, after the morning and march memorial services, the former soldiers would gather at the local pub for a drink, nostalgia and play twice. Although technically still illegal, Anzac Day's two-day game is now openly played on the streets and aisles outside the pub and it has become a national institution that is now largely ignored by police.
Slot machines, known locally as "pokies", remain an important source of customs and income, although strict state-level licenses mean only a small percentage of pubs can operate it. In 2002, more than half of the $ 4 billion in gambling revenues collected by state governments came from pubs and clubs.
Live music and pub circuits
In the 1970s and 1980s, pubs played an important role as a venue for live rock music in Australia.
Reflecting the age of fans, in previous decades, pop and rock performances were usually "all ages". Smaller concerts are often held in public places such as communities, churches, schools or local councils, and larger performances (such as tours by visiting international stunts) are staged in large concert halls or sports stadiums. Some concerts are staged in licensed places, but most are in public places open for all ages, and alcohol is not available.
In the late 1960s, Australian pop 'baby boomer' pop crowds had aged into late teens and early twenties. This demographic trend coincides with the gradual easing of the state licensing laws - the legal drinking age is generally reduced to 18 (in line with changes in voter age) and pub opening hours are finally allowed to extend until 10 pm.
The rock concert attracted large audiences, and changes in the licensing law allowed the pub to start presenting regular concerts by rock groups in the early 1970s. Such "pub shows" are often served free of charge, at the cost of alcohol sales, although it is becoming more common for licensors and/or promoters to charge entry fees, especially for the more popular groups with higher pay.
Low cost places
The relatively low cost of performances in pub performance, the large number of customers they attract and the high volume of alcohol sales that make them very attractive to pub licensees. State capitals such as Melbourne and Sydney have dozens of pubs in inner-city and suburban areas, and many of them have large event spaces or large public bars from the early 1970s the pub became one of the most important places for Australian rock music. Many significant Australian groups in the 1970s and 1980s - including AC/DC, Cold Chisel, Midnight Oil, The Choirboys and INXS - spent their formative years playing on the pub circuit.
Another significant feature of the pub performance is that it gives rock groups in what is called the "Second Wave" of Australian rock, an opportunity to develop their performance and their repertoire. Pubs like the famous Prahran Station Hotel, Melbourne, offer extended residency to popular or upcoming rock bands, enabling them to hone their 'chops' and refine their material in front of a varied audience, and many groups are malignantly generated. loyal local followers thanks to a pub residency.
Life skills from Australian 'pub-rock' bands in this period are broadly linked to their experience playing in the atmosphere of rough and ready pub circuits. Unlike the frenzied but generally cheerful atmosphere typical of the Sixties pop show, pub shows can be a test experience even for the most successful band. Often not, most audiences are in different drunken states, and groups that do not provide the kind of show needed by the audience will be mercilessly booed by dissatisfied crowds.
Regular place
In the late 1970s a large number of city and county pubs presented regular rock music, forming a loose but profitable circuit for bands across Australia, and most popular places offer music every night of the week.
Certain groups became closely associated with formative residencies in certain pubs - a prime example being the longstanding residency by Midnight Oil at the Royal Antler Hotel in Narrabeen, on the north coast of Sydney in the late 1970s.
Several pubs became associated with a certain style - in the early 1980s, the Civic Hotel in the Sydney CBD provided important support for many of the newly emerging "local wave" actions, including Mental As Anything, The Choirboys, The Numbers, Sunnyboys, INXS and Matt Finish. Other rock-pub spots became famous for offering various types of music with the most established and emerging actions; places of this period include General Bourke Hotel in Adelaide, Railway Hotel in Richmond, Victoria, and in Sydney, Annandale Hotel, Family Inn in Rydalmere, Hopetoun Hotels in Surry Hills and Sandringham Hotels in Newtown.
In the late 1970s the pub circuit was the premier provider of rock music entertainment in Australia and as a result, an early tour by many overseas visits from abroad which became popular in Australia including many performances in major cities and regional pubs; this includes the first Australian tour by bands like XTC, The Cure and Simple Minds; such bands are often "broken" locally thanks to playback on the non-commercial rock radio station ABC Triple J, which plays a whole new range of unheard music in commercial pop-rock stations, and much of the 1980s international rock action got a direct exposure on Australian pub circuits before gaining wider acceptance.
The rock pub grew in the 1980s, and this period is now regarded with a nostalgic level, and has been regarded as something of a "golden age" for Australian post-punk rock music. A number of social and economic trends are combined to reduce the range of pub-rock that evolves into the shadow of the former self.
In the late 1980s the Australian state government began to relax the laws governing legalized gambling. One of the most significant changes was the controversial decision to allow the placement of poker machines in pubs. The poker machine quickly provided great financial returns to the pub licensees and it soon became easier and more profitable for licensees to close down previously used rooms for music events and refurbish them as poker machines.
The effects of real estate development
Another related trend that greatly affected the pub circuit was the property boom in the Australian capital in the 1980s. In cities like Sydney, which once boasted dozens of pubs in the central business district alone, price increases and increased demand for CBDs and in-city properties saw many pubs shut down and crashing down. Their strategic location makes them a prime target for rebuilding, as does the fact that these buildings - often only two or three levels - are relatively easy and cheap to buy and rebuild.
The interrelated processes of urban rebuilding and gentrification also have a profound effect on pubs that act as rock music venues. Since the 1970s, the CBD of Australia's capital city has begun to be developed; many buildings that were formerly occupied by businesses or offices operating on a 9-to-5 basis moved to cheaper locations and by the 1990s a large number of commercial buildings had previously been destroyed to pave the way for an apartment complex, or rebuilt for housing..
Gentrification
Another trend that has a significant impact on pub circuits is the process of gentrification on the outskirts of cities within Australian cities. For much of the 20th century, suburbs such as Port Melbourne and Newtown (Sydney) were working class, low-income areas with high proportion of migrants, sometimes considered slums. However, in the last quarter of the 20th century, suburbs such as Paddington, Glebe and Newtown attracted many younger people because of their colorful characters, the availability of cheap rental housing and its proximity to cities and tertiary institutions such as The University of Sydney. Many former students eventually settled in the area and bought property there, and the former "slums" soon became locally sought after, initiating a process of gentrification that saw many pub spots under increasing pressure to change their trading hours and limit the amount of noise which comes from a pub show, which is often enough.
This significant change in social demography has led to many famous pub spots such as the Hopetoun Hotel in Surry Hills stopping music presentations and other events. The value attached to the property occupied by the pub also causes more to be destroyed or developed.
One of the victims of this trend in Sydney is the former Harold Park Hotel in Glebe. This once-evolving pub venue was a popular music venue from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, and during its heyday in the 1980s, as well as regular rock shows, he presented numerous other events including:
- "Writers in the Park", a weekly performance forum for writers, featuring an appearance by renowned author Tom Wolfe
- "Comics in the Park", which features some of Australia's best and overseas comedians, including a legendary impromptu show by American comedian Robin Williams
- weekly political discussion forum "Politics in the Park"
Australian pub design
The typical Aussie pub is very different from the cozy, friendly, and family-friendly "cottage" atmosphere of a British pub, albeit with a few exceptions. Rapid urban development, coupled with the widespread abandonment of the history of Australian colonial architecture, has played a major role in this. Most older English pubs have been declared a protected heritage site, since many are now centuries old, but this curatorial attitude has not yet reached wide acceptance in Australia, and some pubs in Australia have been around since the mid-19th century and some the grand Victorian era pub has also been destroyed.
Enduring at the end of a 19th century pub like the Old Canberra Inn in Lyneham, the Australian Capital Territory resembles their English antecedents in layout and atmosphere, although many Australian pubs in this era are usually much larger than the average British pub; many of which are three or more stories high, and typically include some very large bar areas, as well as large upstairs accommodation spaces.
The large regional and rural publics dating from the 19th and early 20th centuries are often large and impressive structures, and many are luxuriously decorated both inside and out. Due to the high summer temperatures in Australia, wide awnings and porches are common around the pub exterior, as is the case with most colonial-era commercial buildings. The porch and balcony pubs are often equipped with elaborate iron lace fittings and cast iron columns, as these new mass-produced components are very fashionable, relatively inexpensive, and portable. Sometimes, in areas where wood is abundant, internal decorations include intricate carved wooden panels.
In the nineteenth century
19th century pub interiors often feature very high ceilings - usually four meters (12 feet) or more. Ceilings and upper walls are often decorated with elaborate plaster panels and cornices. The mass-produced tin panels were widely used when it became available at the end of the 19th century. Windows is often coated with decorative floodlights or scratched/sandblasted glass panels.
The main bars in the largest pubs usually feature a large and very impressive serving bar, featuring intricately carved and intricate wood and/or stone features, with brass rails, ceramic or brass pump handles, tiles, mirrors, scraped glass panels and many types other decorations.
By far the most extravagant example of a 19th century Australian pub bar is the famous Marble Bar, originally built at the former Tattersall's Hotel in Sydney. Even relatively modest pubs often feature impressive bars carved from the original Australian red cedar (which at that time abundant supply) and other native wood, and are often decorated with decorative ceramic tiles and marble and/or brass fittings.
In the twentieth century
After the consolidation of the brewing industry in the 20th century, many new pubs were built and in big cities many older pubs were either renovated extensively or destroyed and replaced with new structures.
Although Australian pubs vary greatly in size and design, it is possible to define a number of distinctive features that describe 'classic' Australian urban pubs in the mid-20th century. A typical Aussie pub is functionally designed, often in a stripped Art Deco or International Style. Typically two or three-story structures, they are usually constructed of brick and/or concrete, making extensive use of prefabricated tarpaulin plasters and cornices, ceramic tiles and terrazzo in their internal layers.
In layout, urban pubs usually have multiple interconnected bar-rooms of various sizes and designations, usually grouped around a large central bar area with several serving outlets. Many suburban pubs also often include open or semi-enclosed areas known as "beer gardens", where food and drinks are served and where (especially in recent years) families with children can eat (though children certainly just can not be served alcohol and they are not allowed in other areas in the pub).
Larger pubs - especially regional cities and big cities - often include large kitchens and dining rooms and/or multipurpose rooms, such as ballrooms, although this is not common in urban pubs later on. A common feature for almost any Australian pub, whether in town, suburb or in rural and regional areas, is the provision of rooms that can be rented as accommodation, usually located on the floor above the bar.
Unlike their beautiful 19th-century predecessors, the 20th century pub bar is relatively simple in design and decor. In most pubs, the ceilings and upper walls are quite simple, although some feature ornate Art Deco wall hangings and ceiling designs. The bottom wall is usually tiled for easy cleaning, and the floor is usually paved with terrazzo and/or tiles.
Decorative art
Compared to America and Europe, relatively few Art Deco and International Style large buildings were built in Australia in the 1930s and 1940s. Few survivors of the new wave of rebuilding the city and most of the Australian Art Deco cinemas, shops, restaurants and office buildings were torn down in the late 20th century. Therefore, Australian pubs in the mid-20th century are among the best examples of Art Deco architecture and urban Urban Style that still exist in Australia.
Although these newer pubs are generally much more useful in design than their predecessors, one of Australia's special decorative features developed in the 1920s and 1930s - the iconic glass-beer advertisement.
This typical Australian graphic genre probably evolved from a mirrored bar painted back in the 19th century. Often mounted on the outside wall of the pub, these interesting pieces are not printed poster or painting standard. They are intricate handicraft products made by a team of skilled commercial artists, many of whom are employed by factories for their entire working life.
Making these beer ads is a special craft - they are entirely hand painted upside down on thick glass, and then wall mounted on heavy brass frames, which are kept very smooth. Some exterior look is made with translucent paint, so they can be illuminated from behind. They feature striking and often very stylish designs and compositions, painted in bright colors, and in many cases text and some parts of the graph are emphasized with real gold leaf.
They vary in size, but the larger example is as much as one square meter in size or more. Like the example below, they usually describe the archetype of 'Aussie' sports - swimming, surfing, sailing, horse racing, cricket or soccer - or social events such as picnics, dances and parties.
Many Deco-style pubs have curved façade parts, as most Australian pubs are built on street corners, and these spaces are often highlighted by the large arched frames of these colorful beer advertisements.
Due to its fragility and inherent location, many of these extraordinary works that were damaged were repaired or destroyed by accident or vandalism. Over the years, as the creative (and the pub itself) has been increasingly modernized during the late 20th century, almost all hand-painted beer is removed, but their distinctive style has been known and liked by many, and they are still a reference point in modern Australian commercial art. The best examples that still exist today are museum pieces and expensive collectibles.
Perhaps the most striking functional difference between Australian pubs and beverage companies in other countries is that, for much of their history, Australian pubs are strictly segregated by gender and race.
As observed by writer Diane Kirkby: "Masculinity and national identity... intertwined with pub culture and ethnic and sexual exclusivity of the culture is celebrated."
In a controversial move in 2007, the Victorian Civil and Administrative Court granted a gay bar in Collingwood, Victoria the right to refuse entry to heterosexuals and lesbians to preserve gay characters in bars.
gender segment
The main Australian pub bar, usually the largest, is the so-called "Public Bar". However, this title is a misnomer of irony, since until the 1970s, only men were allowed to drink in the Public Bar.
Most pubs include "Ladies' Lounge", equipped with chairs and tables, where women and men can drink together, but in many pubs women are usually only accepted in the Lounge Bar when accompanied by men. It's also common for women not to be allowed to buy drinks for themselves.
Sex segregation in pubs continued into the 1970s and only began to collapse after women's rights activists began challenging the convention. One of the most notorious incidents in this informal campaign occurred in January 1973, when a group of feminist activists protested against the rules at the Manly's Public Bars Bar in Sydney.
When they enter and order drinks, they are denied by tax collectors, who usually claim that the hotel has inadequate toilet facilities to serve women. The women's response - which deliberately echoed the tactics of early Suffragettes - was to bind itself to a fence that ran around the bar. This event received wide media attention and caused the hotel industry to be very embarrassed; within a few years, this long-standing sexist convention nearly disappeared in most urban areas, and was finally enforced by state and federal anti-discrimination laws.
Women in pub
It has been found that, regardless of the long history of their gender segregation, pubs provide an important source of income for many women.
Widows and desertion wives are much more common in nineteenth-century Australia than today, and in the absence of a social safety net for single mothers, women should explore options to provide for their families, especially in remote areas. Pub-keeping provides jobs not only for widows and abandoned wives, but also for many former female prisoners.
It is a relatively profitable job, so pub-keeping is the preferred and preferred choice for many women. The evolution of 'classical' pubs and the role of women in pubs flourished simultaneously in the mid-19th century, when the term "barmaid" was first used in general.
Barmaids, like many other working women, must struggle against 'traditional' gender challenges from lower wage levels and social stigmatization. Unlike other working class women, such as domestic helpers and shop staff, barmaids are often stigmatized and shunned. This discrimination was exacerbated by the "moral" campaign launched in Australia from the 1880s through the 1920s, and religiously motivated simplicity activists deliberately cultivated a negative image of barmaids as "loose women" who lured men into pubs for drinking and scattering- spare their money.
The reality is often the opposite. Barmaids usually pride themselves on their ability to pour, chat and keep clean bars together - not to mention their ability to support themselves and their families - and they hate this characterization by prohibition, but stereotypes get stuck. Although many barmaids like the job because it offers better pay and greater freedom than regular women's work such as domestic help, the barmaid remains an object of scorn by 'proper' people.
Pub as accommodation
Accommodation is another important aspect of Australian pub operations, and indeed it is the origin of "title" pub business titles, often required by licensing terms - Australian pubs are usually registered for businesses under the official name of "hotel", and more upscale markets The pub often overturned this, putting the word "Hotel" before the name (eg Hotel Australia).
Many city, suburban and rural pubs offer affordable accommodation, as well as dining facilities for visitors and businesspeople, and this tradition continues, with the pubs joining in an accommodation cooperative operating under the name "PubStay".
The city-state and countryside hotels were especially important in the years before the advent of motels and modern budget hotel chains. In addition, the licensing law often requires the provision of the minimum level of accommodation, distinguishing hotels from bars that they themselves are under pressure from the licensing laws of the late 1890s and beyond. Until the end of the 20th century, most tourists, commercial travelers, business people, and tour players in Australia regularly rely on pub accommodation. As one of the former commercial travelers bemoaning ABC's recent ABC social history feature, the end of the era of pub accommodation has also led to the disintegration of social networks centered on rural and regional pubs.
City and suburban pubs are an important source of accommodation for rural people who visit cities for big events, such as the annual Easter Easter Performance. For single people, the pub also offers an alternative to boarding houses or rental housing, with many pubs renting rooms for long-term tenants living and eating in pubs, sometimes for decades.
Australian pubs around the world
There are about 3,000 Australian-themed pubs around the world. They have been criticized for lack of authenticity. They are very prevalent wherever expatriate communities are found, arguably due to a sense of connection to the Australian diaspora.
See also
- List of public houses in Australia
More information
Dunstan, Keith
Wowser Situs (Cassell, Melbourne, 1968)
Kirkby, Diane
Barmaids: Women's Working History at Pub 1790-1990
(Cambridge University Press, 1997)
Sumerling, Patricia
Down in Local: Social history of Kensington and Norwood hotels
(Wakefield Press, Kent Town, SA)
Wright, Clare
Di Luar The Ladies 'Lounge: Pelamar Wanita Australia
(Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 2003) - ISBN: 0-522-85071-5
http://www.indiana.edu/~engs/articles/ar1096.htm
- Abernethy & amp; Dittmar, "Every Pub Volume 2" - 611 Hotels in South Australia [1]
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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