Newport is a seaside town on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. Located about 37 miles (60 km) southeast of Providence, 21 miles (34 km) south of Fall River, and 74 miles (119 km) south of Boston. This place is known as the New England summer resort and is famous for its historic mansions and rich sailing history. It is also home to Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport, which houses the United States Naval Warfare Center, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and an important US Navy training center. It is a major harbor city of the 18th century and also contains a large number of surviving buildings from the Colonial era of the United States.
The city is the center of the county of Newport County, which has no government function other than administrative boundaries and sheriff court administration. It was known as the "White House Summer" location during the reign of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. The population is 24,027 in 2013.
Video Newport, Rhode Island
Histori
Periode kolonial
Newport was founded in 1639 on Aquidneck Island, called Rhode Island at the time. The first eight founders and officers were Nicholas Easton, William Coddington, John Clarke, John Coggeshall, William Brenton, Jeremy Clark, Thomas Hazard, and Henry Bull. Many of these people have become part of the settlement at Portsmouth, along with Anne Hutchinson and his followers. They are separated within a year of the settlement, however, and Coddington and others begin the settlement of Newport on the south side of the island.
Newport grew to be the largest of the four original settlements that became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which also included Providence Plantations and Shawomett. Many of the first colonists in Newport became Baptists, and the second Baptist congregation in Rhode Island was formed in 1640 under the leadership of John Clarke. In 1658, a group of Jews were welcomed to settle in Newport; they escaped from the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal but were not allowed to settle elsewhere. The Newport Congregation is now called the Jeshuat Congregation of Israel and is the second oldest Jewish congregation in the United States. Met at the Touro Synagogue, the oldest synagogue in the United States.
The Rhode Island and Providence Plantations colonies accepted the royal charter in 1663, and Benedict Arnold was elected as his first governor in Newport. The Old Colony House served as the seat of government of Rhode Island after it was completed in 1741 at the head of Washington Square, until the Rhode Island State House in Providence was completed in 1904 and Providence became the state capital. Newport became the most important harbor in colonial Rhode Island, and a public school was founded in 1640.
Commercial activity that lifted Newport to its fame as a rich port was started by a second wave of Portuguese Jews who settled there around the middle of the 18th century. They have been practicing Judaism secretly for 300 years in Portugal, and they are attracted to Rhode Island because of the freedom of worship there. They bring commercial experience and connections, capital, and enterprise spirit. The most prominent of them are Jacob Rodrigues Rivera, who arrived in 1745 (died 1789) and Aaron Lopez, who came in 1752 (died May 28, 1782). Rivera introduced the manufacture of sperm oil that became one of Newport's leading industries and made the city rich. Newport developed 17 oil and candle factories and enjoyed a practical monopoly of this trade until the American Revolution.
Aaron Lopez is credited with making Newport an important trading center. He encouraged 40 Portuguese Jewish families to settle there, and Newport has 150 vessels involved in trading in 14 years of activity. He is involved in the slave trade and produces spermaceti candles, ships, vats, rum, chocolates, textiles, clothing, shoes, hats, and bottles. He became the richest man in Newport but was denied citizenship on the basis of religion, although British law protected the rights of Jews to become citizens. He appealed to the legislature of Rhode Island for compensation and was denied by this ruling: "As far as Harun Lopez has declared himself by Judaism, this Assembly does not recognize him or any other religion for the full freedom of this Colony, so Harun Lopez or any other religion can not be elected to any office in this colony or is not allowed to vote as a free man in selecting others. "Lopez persevered by applying for citizenship in Massachusetts, where it was granted.
From the mid-seventeenth century, religious tolerance in Newport attracted a number of Quakers, also known as the Society of Friends. The Great Friends Meeting House in Newport (1699) is the oldest worship structure in Rhode Island.
In 1727, James Franklin (Benjamin's brother) scored Rhode-Island Almanack in Newport. In 1732, he published the first newspaper, the Rhode Island Gazette . In 1758, his son, James, founded the weekly newspaper Mercury . Famous 18th-century Goddard and Townsend furniture are also made in Newport.
Throughout the 18th century, Newport suffered a trade imbalance with the largest colonial harbor. As a result, Newport traders were forced to develop alternatives for conventional exports. In the 1720s, the Colonial leaders captured many pirates, acting under pressure from the British government. Many were hanged in Newport and buried on Goat Island.
Slave trade
Newport was a major center of the slave trade in colonial and early American, active in "triangular trade" where sugar and molasses produced by slaves from the Caribbean were brought to Rhode Island and distilled into rum, which was then brought to West Africa. and exchanged for prisoners. In 1764, Rhode Island had about 30 rum distilleries, 22 in Newport alone. General Burial Ground on Farewell Road is where most slaves are buried.
Sixty percent of the slave trade ships were launched from North America that were ejected from small Rhode Island, within a few years over 90%, and many from Newport. Almost half were traded illegally, violating state law 1787 that prohibited citizens from trading slaves. Slave traders also violated federal laws 1794 and 1800 prohibited Americans from bringing slaves to ports outside the United States, as well as the 1807 Congressional act of abolishing the transatlantic slave trade. Some Rhode Island families make great fortunes in trade. William and Samuel Vernon were Newport traders who then played an important role in financing the formation of the United States Navy; they sponsored 30 African slave business. However, it is DeWolfs of Bristol, Rhode Island, and especially James De Wolf, which is the largest slave trade family in all of North America, peaking over 80 transatlantic journeys, mostly illegal. Rhode Island slave trading is widely based. Seven hundred Rhode Islanders owned or aboard a captain's slave, including the largest merchant, and many ordinary shop keepers and merchants who bought stocks in the course of slaves.
In addition to being one of America's most active slave ports, Newport is also home to a small community of abolitionists and free blacks. Rev. Samuel Hopkins, minister at Newport First Congregation Church, has been called "the first abolitionist in America." Among customers for Hopkins writings are 17 free black customers, most of whom live in Newport. This free black community, including Newport Gardner, founded the Free African Union Society in 1780, the first African-American community of help.
The American Revolutionary Era
Newport is home to many activities during the American Revolution. William Ellery is from Newport, one of the signatories to the Declaration of Independence. He then served on the Navy Committee.
In the winter of 1775 and 1776, the Rhode Island Legislature placed General William West's militia in charge of removing loyalists in Newport, and leading men were exiled to the north of the country, such as Joseph Wanton and Thomas Vernon. In the fall of 1776, England saw that Newport could be used as a naval base to attack New York (which they just occupied), so they took over the city. Newport population has divided loyalty; many pro-independence Patriots left the city, while the Tories faithfully stayed. Newport is a British fortress over the next three years.
In the summer of 1778, the Americans started a campaign known as the Battle of Rhode Island. This is the first joint operation between America and France after the signing of the Alliance Agreement. Tiverton-based Americans are planning an official city siege. However, the French refused to take part in it, wanting a frontal attack. This weakens the American position, and Britain is able to drive Americans out of the island. The following year, the British left Newport, who wanted to concentrate their troops in New York.
On July 10, 1780, a French expedition arrived at Narragansett Bay in Newport with troops of 450 officers and 5,300 men, sent by King Louis XVI and commanded by Rochambeau. For the rest of the war, Newport was the base of French troops in the United States. In July 1781, Rochambeau was finally able to leave Newport for Providence to begin a decisive trip to Yorktown, Virginia, along with General George Washington. The first Catholic Mass in Rhode Island is said to be in Newport all this time. The Rochambeau Monument at Kings Park on Wellington Avenue along the Port of Newport commemorates Rochambeau's contribution to the Revolutionary War and the history of Newport.
The population of Newport has fallen from more than 9,000 (according to the 1774 census) to less than 4,000 at the end of the war (1783). More than 200 abandoned buildings were demolished in the 1780s. Also, the war destroyed Newport's economic wealth, when years of military occupation closed the city to any form of commerce. Merchants Newport moved, some to Providence, others to Boston and New York.
It was in Newport that the General Assembly of Rhode Island voted to ratify the Constitution in 1791 and became the 13th state, acting under pressure from the Providence merchant community.
The city is the last residence of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry and the birthplace of Commodore Matthew C. Perry and Rev. William Ellery Channing.
The Gilded Age
Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, rich southern planters who wanted to escape the heat began building summer huts on Bellevue Avenue, such as Kingscote (1839). Around the middle of this century, the wealthy Yankees, like the Wetmore family, also began to build larger mansions, such as Chateau-sur-Mer (1852) nearby. Most of these early families became an important part of their wealth in Ancient Chinese Trade.
At the turn of the 20th century, many of the richest families in the state were doing summits in Newport, including Vanderbilts, Astors, and the Widener family, who built the largest "huts", such as The Breakers (1895) and Miramar. They stayed for a short summer social season in large houses gilded with elaborate reception rooms, dining rooms, music rooms, and ballrooms - but with several bedrooms, as guests are expected to have their own "cottage". Many homes are designed by New York architect Richard Morris Hunt, who maintains a home in Newport himself.
The social scene in Newport is depicted in the Edith Wharton novel The Age of Innocence. Wharton's own Wharton's "cottage" is called Land's End. Today, many homes continue to be used privately. Hammersmith Farm is the home where John F. Kennedy and Jackie Kennedy hold their wedding reception; it is open to tourists as a "house museum", but has since been bought and converted back into a private residence. Many other luxury homes are open to tourists; the other was converted into an academic building for Salve Regina College in the 1930s, when the owner was no longer able to pay his tax bill.
In the mid-19th century, a large number of Irish immigrants settled in Newport. Newport's Fifth Ward in the southern part of the city became a staunch Irish environment for generations. To this day, St. Patrick is an important day of pride and celebration in Newport, with a huge parade down on Thames Street.
The oldest Catholic parish in Rhode Island is St. Mary's, located on Spring Street - though the current building is not the original one.
20th century and beyond
Rhode Island had no fixed capital during and after the colonial era but turned its legislative sessions between Providence, Newport, Bristol, East Greenwich, and South Kingstown. In 1854, the sessions were removed in cities other than Providence and Newport, and Newport was finally dropped in 1900. The constitutional amendment of that year limited the legislative meetings to Providence.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier married at St. Mary in Newport on September 12, 1953. President Kennedy and Eisenhower both made Newport their "White House of Summer" location during their years in office. Eisenhower lives at Quarters A at Naval War College and on what is known as Eisenhower House, while Kennedy uses Hammersmith Farm next door.
This city has long been established with the United States Navy. It was held at the US Naval Academy campus during the American Civil War (1861-65) when the temporary college training school moved north from Annapolis, Maryland. From 1952 to 1973, he hosted the U.S. Atlantic Fleet-Destroyer Vessel, and after that had hosted a small number of warships from time to time. Today hosts Naval Station Newport (NAVSTA Newport) and remains home to the US Naval War College and Naval Education and Training Command (NETC), Surface Warfare Surface training center, many other schools, and the Navy's Underwater Warfare Center headquarters. The unused air carrier USS Saratoga (CV-60) was moored in a dormitory status on the dock previously used by the Destroyer-Cruise Ship, until it was withdrawn to Brownsville, Texas in August-September 2014 dismantled. USSÃ, Forrestal Ã, (CV-59) shared the dock until June 2010.
The departure of the Cruiser-Destroyer fleet from Newport and the closure near Quonset Point Naval Air Station in 1973 destroyed the local economy. Newport population declined, businesses closed, and property values ​​plummeted. However, in the late 1960s, the city began to revitalize the downtown area with the construction of America's Cup Avenue, shopping malls and condominiums, and upscale hotels. Construction completed at Newport Bridge. The Preservation Society of Newport County began opening Newport's historic mansion to the public, and the tourism industry became Newport's premier commercial company over the following years.
Maps Newport, Rhode Island
Geography
Newport is located on 41Ã, Â ° 29? 17? N 71Ã, Â ° 18? 45? W . It is the densest municipality on Aquidneck Island in Narragansett Bay. According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​11.4 square miles (29.5 km 2 ), which is 7.7 square miles (19.9 km 2 ) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km 2 ), or 32.64%, is water. The Newport Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in New England, connects Newport to Conanicut Island east of the Passage of the Narragansett.
Demographics
In 2013, there are 24,027 people, 10,616 households, and 4,933 families living in the city. Population density is 3,204.2 people per square mile (1,239.8/km²). There are 13,069 housing units with an average density of 1,697.3 per square mile (656.7/km²). City's racial makeup is 82.5% White, 6.9% African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Island, 3.1% few other races, and 5.2% % of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race is 8.4% of the population (3.3% Puerto Rico, 1.2% Guatemala, 1.1% Mexico).
There were 10,616 households, of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.9% were headed by married couples living together, 12.4% had non-husbands female households, and 53.5% is not family. 41.4% of all households are made up of individuals, and 12.7% are persons living alone 65 or older. The average household size is 2.05, and the average family size is 2.82.
The age distribution is 16.5% below the age of 18, 16.3% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% of those aged 65 or older. The median age was 36.4 years. For every 100 women, there are 95.8 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 94.3 men.
For the period 2009-11, the estimated average annual income for households in the city was $ 59,388, and the average income for families was $ 83,880. Male full-time workers have an average income of $ 52,221 versus $ 41,679 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 35,644. About 10.7% of the population is below the poverty line.
Culture
Newport has one of the highest concentrations of colonial homes in the country in downtown Newport Historic District, one of the three District's National Historic District in the city, and Newport's colonial heritage is well preserved and documented at the Newport Historical Society. In addition to colonial architecture, the city is known for its Gilded Age-style houses, summer-built "huts" built with styles that were copied from the royal palace of Europe.
The White Horse Tavern was built before 1673 and is one of the oldest taverns in the US. Newport is also home to the Touro Synagogue, one of the oldest Jewish temples in the Western Hemisphere, and the Newport Public Library and the Redwood and Athenaeum Libraries, one of the country's oldest lending libraries.
Outdoor activities
Aquidneck Island is home to many beaches, public and private. In Newport, the largest public beach, Easton beach, or First Beach, features the famous Cliff Walk. Sachuest Beach, or Second Beach, in Middletown is the second largest beach in the area. Gooseberry Beach is a private beach but is open to the public on certain days of the year, and is located on Ocean Drive, along with two other Newport private beaches, Bailey Beach (Spouting Rock Beach Association) and Hazard's Beach.
The Newport Cliff Walk is considered one of the city's most popular attractions. It is a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) public access road bordering the coastline, and has been designated a National Recreation Line.
Brenton Point State Park is home to the annual Kite Point Brenton Festival. Newport is also home to the Newport Country Club. This historic club has hosted the US Women's Woman 2007 and 1995 US Amateur Men. Fort Adams, a historic fortress dating from the 1812 War, has a Yachting Museum and hosts the Newport People's Festival and Newport Jazz Festival every year.
For many years Newport was home to a series of yacht competitions for the American Cup.
In the fall of 2013, Newport has been designated a Community Bronze Friendly Bike that is nationally recognized by the League of American Bicyclists. This is the first officially Bicycle Friendly Community in the state of Rhode Island.
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is also located in Newport. The Hall of Fame Tennis Championship at Campbell, Men's ATP Tour event, is held annually in early July, the week after Wimbledon. This week also includes an annual mixing to the Hall of Fame.
The annual Citizens Bank Pell Bridge Run held every fall helps collect hundreds of thousands of dollars for local charities.
Education
Newport Public Schools operates Pell Claiborne Elementary School, Thompson Secondary School, Rogers Secondary School, Career Center and Newport Area Technical Center, and Adult Aquidneck Aquatic Learning Center. St Michael's Country Day School is a private primary school.
The post-secondary schools include the Naval School Preparation School, Salve Regina University, the Naval War College, the International Yacht Recovery School, and the Community College of Rhode Island Newport Campus.
Economy
Primary businessman
According to Newport 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the main employers in the city are:
Twin Cities
- Ã, Japan: Shimoda
- Ã, Ireland: Kinsale
- Ã, Portugal: Ponta Delgada
- Ã, Italy: Imperia
- Ã, Greece: Skiathos
- Ã, Canada: Saint John, New Brunswick United States: Staten Island, New York
In popular culture
Newport is the filming location for The Great Gatsby (1974), Mr. North (1988), High Society (1956) and Moonrise Kingdom (2012).
Famous people
See also
- Buildings and structures in Newport, Rhode Island
References
Further reading
- See also: Newport history bundle, Rhode Island
- Bridenbaugh, Carl. Town in Wilderness-The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625-1742 (1938) online edition
- Bridenbaugh, Carl. Cities in the Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743-1776 (1955)
- Crane, Elaine Forman. A Dependent People: Newport, Rhode Island in the Revolutionary Era (Fordham Univ Press, 1992)
- Crane, Elaine F. "'The first trading wheel': Newport, Rhode Island, and slave trade, 1760-1776." Slavery and Removal (1980) 1 # 2 pp: 178-198.
- Downing, Antoinette Forrester, and Vincent Joseph Scully. The Architectural Heritage of Newport, Rhode Island: 1640-1915 (CN Potter, 1967)
- Jefferys, C. P. B. Newport: A Short History (1992)
- Withey, Lynne. urban growth in colonial Rhode Island: Newport and providence in the eighteenth century (SUNY Press, 1984)
Old title
- S. G. Arnold, Historical State of Rhode Island , (two volumes, New York, (1859-60)
- G. C. Mason, Remembrance of Newport , (Newport, 1884)
- E. M. Stone, our French allies , (Providence, 1884)
- The History of Newport , the journal of the Newport Historical Society
- Newport Mansions: Postcards from the Gilded Age , Schiffer Publishing
External links
- Newport travel guide from Wikivoyage
- The Newport City web site
- Find Newport, the official tourism website
- "First Class and Comfort at the First American Resort: Newport 1870-1914" from American Studies at the University of Virginia
- "Newport, city, harbor entrance and county county seat of Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica (issue 11). 1911.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments