Johannesburg suburb is officially a boundary area within the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. As in other Commonwealth countries, the term periphery refers to the "environment", although this term has a somewhat stronger meaning in South Africa because most (but not all) "fringes" have recognized limits (see definition of municipal law) and often (but not always) separate zip codes. The municipal functions for the area, such as urban policing and social services, are still managed by the municipality.
Johannesburg, like many other boom towns, is growing rapidly and with little planning, and thus the city covers a vast area. The main differences between suburban cities tend to be socio-economic: North is often associated with wealth because of areas like Houghton, which offer large properties and contains residences of former president Nelson Mandela, and Sandton has become an alternative business area and is referred to as the 'square richest square Africa'. The South of Johannesburg is associated with poverty as many former towns fall in this area (Orange Farm and Soweto). However, this north/south prejudice is too general because Johannesburg is becoming less economically inseparable. Alexandra township, a low economic area, bordering on Sandton and the South boasts a prosperous area like the recently developed "Meyersdale Eco Estate" and "Eye Of Africa Golf Estate". Many people see themselves as residents in their peripheral areas first and foremost a resident of Johannesburg.
Video Suburbs of Johannesburg
Histori
The first major modern settlement in Johannesburg was loosely planned, as they grew rapidly to serve the need for manpower at the Witwatersrand gold mine. However, Johannesburg's population is rising rapidly and the city is rapidly shaping a formal environment, composed largely of mixed race when workers live together. The earliest formal settlement to accommodate people of all races, Kliptown, is located near Soweto today.
The Central Business District (CBD) grew rapidly in the early 20th century as many of the formal European-style buildings were built, such as the city's main post office. The Central Business District is the first part of the city to be built on the grid, which is designed around a main road known as Street Commissioner, which serves as the arterial center for the city. During this time period, the city invests in street cars, which are mostly used to connect rich suburbs rich in CBD. Physical growth, though somewhat limited by transport, continues rapidly as immigration to South Africa, and Johannesburg in particular, increases dramatically.
This problem was solved in the 1930s when cars were introduced in mass production to South Africa. [1] Cars, for the most part, are limited to the rich, and allow them to move north of the city and go to the center. The South African economy was very successful at the end of World War II and many new immigrants came to South Africa from Europe. Most of the poorer suburbs are mixed with blacks and whites who live together, though the rich suburbs are usually reserved for whites. This changed with the election of the National Party in the 1948 elections, which began to formalize a system known as apartheid. Apartheid formally establishes the periphery areas where each race can live under the Group Area Act.
As a result, the city is divided into white and black suburbs. The white edges are mostly rich and well-developed, and are located in the best areas of Johannesburg. The Southern Black Africans live in less developed cities and suburbs because of the white suburban scenery. Many major highways were built to link Johannesburg with other areas of South Africa, although this allowed further expansion out of town along the N1, N3, and M2 highways. Public transport construction is completely abandoned, except for small bus systems. [2] [3]
This system continued into the 1980s, when international sanctions and poor security situations caused a major contraction in the economy. Many companies abandoned skyscrapers that had been built in the Central Business District (CBD) in the 1960s and 1970s, and left empty or little used warehouses.
When the Group Area Act is lifted, there is mass migration of former urban dwellers and illegal immigrants to buildings in the CBD and surrounding areas, causing crime rates to rise dramatically in the Central area of ​​the city. [4] [5] Many businesses do not close offices Their CBDs leave for more Secured northern fringes, and in particular, Sandton. The number of businesses and residents in the northern suburbs increases exponentially, while the CBD is left empty and abandoned as a "no-fly zone". The owners of the previous buildings in the CBD left them because their value was down, and more illegal immigrants moved. Many of the periphery areas near the CBD also feel the demographic changes as before the white-skinned suburbs and like Yeoville become very black and dangerous in the space of two to three years. [6]
The city authorities have been trying to rectify the situation in 2005 by installing CCTV cameras all over the city center, and increasing police presence. Some businesses and residents have returned, although most businesses have built permanent and better facilities in the northern suburbs, so large-scale returns are not possible. [7] The city has grown so quickly north that the border between Johannesburg, Midrand and Centurion is largely an arbitrary political frontier, because both cities have grown together so there is no space between them.
Maps Suburbs of Johannesburg
Areas
The city of Johannesburg is divided into seven areas for administrative purposes, given the letters from A to G. The previous system of eleven regional numbers was reorganized in 2006.
City in
The inner city of Johannesburg lies within the city of F. The inner city is a very diverse region, with areas ranging from highly degraded residential areas such as Bertrams, to the rather stable Braamfontein commercial area. The estimated population of this region is 200,000, but the number of people living in the city center is informally unknown, as many illegal immigrants. [8] Most high-income residents and whites have moved to the northern suburbs and have been replaced by low-income blacks. Unemployment, education, and age profiles in the area are all unknown, because of the difficulty of obtaining reliable information about the area. There is a significant movement to revitalize the CBD, which mostly focuses on reducing crime, particularly street crime in central areas, and redeveloping Newtown as a cultural center for the city.
Headquartered in the CBD, the area includes the Yeoville, Bellevue, Troyeville, Jeppestown, and Berea suburbs in the east. To the west spread to Pageview and Fordsburg. There is a small industrial estate in the south, such as West-Denver City and Benrose.
About 800,000 commuters pass through the city center every day, and serve as a regional shopping node for visitors from the southern suburbs. [9] All major arterial roads come from downtown and spread to other parts of the city. Johannesburg's main railway station, bus terminal and minibus taxi stand are all located in the city center.
Suburbs close to the CBD, particularly Joubert Park, Hillbrow, and Berea, have a large number of high-rise apartment blocks. These areas were once desirable; However, due to rising crime, housing stocks are deteriorating as many rich people go to the northern outskirts. The existing buildings in the CBD area are not sufficient to meet the current demand for housing in the area, and as a result, many of the less used or abandoned office buildings have been taken over by squatters, or converted into housing units. Yeoville and Bellevue have a mix of apartment buildings and single housing units with many small ones.
This region lies in a mountainous area that stretches from east to west. The most striking geographical feature is the Observatory Ridge, named for a large observatory located above it. [10] The recreation room is no longer in use, due to security concerns. The CBD area has no open space; although there are small neighborhood parks in all the suburbs, they are also not used because of looting problems. The University of Witwatersrand and the University of Johannesburg are located in the city center. One of South Africa's leading sports venues, Ellis Park Stadium, is located in Doornfontein. It serves as the main home for one of South Africa's most famous football sides, the Orlando Pirates, and the exclusive home of two professional rugby union teams Jo'burg, Lions in the Southern Hugs Super Rugby and Golden Lions competitions in domestic Currie. Cup. It will also be the venue for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The Johannesburg Stadium, the secondary home for the Pirates, is nearby.
Eastern outskirts
The eastern outskirts of Johannesburg are located in the 7 and 9 cities. The area is also functionally integrated with the East Rand border towns outside the official boundaries of Johannesburg, such as Bedfordview and Edenvale (both parts of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality). The major freeway in this area is the N3 bypass freeway east and the R24 freeway linking Johannesburg to OR Tambo International Airport
The eastern suburbs are some of the oldest areas in Johannesburg, there is a large Jewish community and other European backgrounds, the majority of the population speak English. There are three golf courses as well as a number of protected mountains with spectacular views.
There are several well-developed shopping and entertainment venues and in the eastern markets such as Eastgate shopping center and Greenstone shopping center.
Southeast and Soweto
Soweto and the south-east fringe, located in Region 6 and Region 10, bordered the city's mining belt in the north. This area consists mostly of old "matchbox" houses, or a four-room government built house, built to provide cheap accommodation for black workers during apartheid.
Soweto is an acronym, standing for "South Western Townships". Road after path in this area is lined with matchboxes; However, there are some smaller areas where wealthy, wealthy people have built homes that are more similar to those in more prosperous suburbs. Many people still living in matchbox homes have upgraded and expanded their homes, and the City Council has enabled the planting of more trees and upgrading of parks and green spaces in the area. [11]
The host is another outstanding physical feature of Soweto. [13] Originally built to accommodate migrant workers men, many of which have been improved as a home for couples and families. The N1 Western Bypass overlaps the eastern boundary of Soweto. The suburbs are not historically permitted to create work centers in the area, so almost all the inhabitants are commuters to other parts of the city. [14] There is efficient road access to many parts of the area along busy highways to the CBD and Roodepoort, but commuters mostly rely on trains fire and taxi.
Northern outskirts
The northern suburbs, located in Region 2, 3, 4, and 7, belong to the richest and most developed parts of the city. spreading north from the center of the city to the border with Midrand, the northern suburbs include the construction of large housing and commercial centers. The northern outskirts greatly benefited from the worsening of the CBD, as many people and businesses moved on. The northern border has grown along the M1 and N1 highways, which serve as their main arterial road. The N1 Western Bypass connects the northern fringe to the northwestern rim.
Settlements in the northern suburbs are largely formal, with no significant informal housing areas, or housing with no permanent structures. Although this is a well-established area, there is a tendency for land-use change from residential to commercial, especially along major arterial roads and around established nodes. [16] The area is also becoming denser, as large residential properties are subdivided, or rebuilt, as townhouse and cluster house complexes. [17] The area is well connected to the road network, especially along the north-south axis formed by M1 and N1. The road to the east and west is less well developed, because there is no highway moving in that direction.
Towards the northern border of the city, the density of development declines, leaving the vast area of ​​undeveloped land around Midrand. [18] Grand Central Airport is also located in the area. The first suburb north of the city center is Parktown, located on a hill overlooking the inner city and Hillbrow. It has many rich residents and Edwardian-style houses, as well as the University of Witwatersrand Education and Medical campus. Harvard Charlotte Heights's great hospital, Harvard Academic Hospital, dominates the Parktown skyline. There are many office parks in the suburbs as well. Just west of Parktown is Westcliff and Parkwood, which is one of the richest areas in Johannesburg, as it is located on a very tall hillside and overlooks the city center as well as the northern outskirts. The other rich suburbs, Saxonwold and Houghton continue north of Westcliff. Nelson Mandela has a home in Houghton, and it is also the most prestigious secondary school location in Johannesburg. Houghton is also a former election district of Helen Suzman, a famous anti-apartheid MP.
The suburbs became more commercial to the north of Houghton. Rosebank is an upscale retail and shopping center for the northernmost population. Many small companies that can not afford to be placed in Sandton are also located in Rosebank. Suburbs near Rosebank, including Parkhurst, Parktown North, Craighall Park, and Greenside are collectively known as "The Parks". Parkhurst is known for its village atmosphere and roadside cafés and cafes. Greenside is next to Parkhurst and has developed a Parkhurst-style restaurant.
Hyde Park, Sandton and Morningside are all north of Rosebank, all very rich and well watched. Sandton has become a new business area in Johannesburg, and features many corporate headquarters, as well as Nelson Mandela Field and Wanderers Stadium, Africa's most prestigious cricket ground. The Sandton skyline has grown rapidly and there are many projects under development in the area. Sandton is also the location of the JSE Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in Africa, which was relocated from the CBD in 2000.
The quality of life worsens on the outer periphery of the northern rim. One of the poorest cities, Alexandra, is located in this border area, east of Sandton.
North-western rim
The north-western ridge, located in Regions A and B, lies between the northern rim, Soweto, and inner city. They are mostly low-rise although there are several skyscrapers. There are several new developments in the newly established city of Randburg, which is the main commercial node for the area. This area is also connected to the whole city by the Western Bypass N1.
Roodepoort is a large, previously independent city, recently incorporated into Johannesburg. The predominantly white population of Roodepoort changed because of its proximity to Soweto has made it attractive to middle-class blacks who want to move to better homes while retaining ties with their old community. There is plenty of access from the more affluent north settlement to the city center. However, bad relationships to the high economic and commercial areas of the north, such as Randburg and Sandton. This has led to an increase in the number of secondary roads, creating congestion and putting pressure on residential areas and infrastructure.
Toward the extreme northwest of the city, there are well-developed farms, as well as smaller and smaller formal and informal settlement areas. There are also large factories and industrial knobs. Informal settlements in this area are growing rapidly, with 76 percent of Diepsloot's population living in informal housing. The industrial estates along Malibongwe Drive in the southwest are part of the Pasir Kya area. Fourways, in the south-east, is a major retail, office and entertainment area.
The first border grouped in the northwest is Auckland Park. Auckland Park is home to the headquarters of the South African Broadcasting Company, located in Radiopark, and two extensive Johannesburg University campuses.
North Auckland Park is located in Melville, which has been transformed into a pocket of Bohemian restaurants, cafes and Bohemian shops based mainly around 7th Avenue. This happened especially after South African Broadcasting Company moved its headquarters to Auckland Park. Melville's main entertainment strip is 7th Road. The national drama series, 7de Laan , shows the strip on its opening credits, mistakenly referring to the street as 7th Avenue. In Melville, the track runs from east to west while the roads go north to south. Melville is bordered north to Melville Koppies, a small, protected refuge. The main road that cuts through Melville's business area, Beyers Naude Drive. Currently Melville has been declining as some businesses move back into the newly renovated Newtown area in the city center.
West of Melville is Sophiatown, which was once one of the most vibrant black suburbs in town. Considered a criminal and political nest, the whole suburbs were razed to the ground in the 1950s. The white margin of Triomf, which means "victory" in Afrikaans, is built in its place. The only real Sophiatown building left is the Anglican Church of Christ the King. The area has reintroduced the use of its original name.
Southern outskirts
The southern suburbs, located in Regions 9, 10 and 11, extend south of the city center, and are somewhat isolated from other parts of Johannesburg. On the map, the southern edge appears to hang from the border of Soweto and South Johannesburg. It is about 40 kilometers south of the city. This is actually the most isolated, least integrated region of Johannesburg, with its eastern, western and southern borders also forming the boundaries of Johannesburg in the area. This is diagonally traversed by N1, with the N12 running along its northern border.
The southern suburbs tend to be the only industrial or mere dwelling, with most residents in residential areas being long-term residents in established communities. The majority of houses in this formal settlement belong to one of the lowest income brackets in Johannesburg. At the extreme south end of the city, there is an enormous informal settlement, such as Orange Farm, suffering from poverty and widespread unemployment, exacerbated by their isolation from the rest of the city, which in turn makes it expensive to extend the much-needed infrastructure of the suburbs more integrated.
A large number of undeveloped and empty agricultural land is public property, and municipalities are currently in the process of selling large tracts for development, which are expected to provide employment for informal settlement residents. Rand Stadium, the oldest football stadium in town, is located on the southern outskirts of Rosettenville.
Turffontein was the largest concentration camp in Johannesburg during the Anglo Boer War. The camp is located where Turfonteec Racecourse is now, and it accommodates about 5000 people. 700 who died from the group were buried in a farm called Klipriviers Berg in Winchester Hills. The racecourse hosts the Summer Cup as one of the top three races in South Africa.
See also
- Kwaito
References
- Mail & amp; Guardian Online: Blacks Make Waves. Retrieved 24 July 2005.
- BBC News: Johannesburg Streets: The Story of Sibogiseni. Retrieved 22 July 2005.
- BMJ Students. Retrieved 24 July 2005.
- Drive to regenerate a decaying heart in Johannesburg. Retrieved 12 July 2005.
- Johannesburg: Landlords clear Hillbrow ghetto. Retrieved 8 March 2005.
- City Demarcation Council: Johannesburg. Retrieved 24 July 2005.
Note
- ^ SouthAfrica.info: Transportation in Johannesburg
- ^ Address by Gauteng Public Transport, Road and Work MEC
- ^ Johannesburg City: Bus Service
- ^ Johannesburg City: Reforming Johannesburg's inner city
- ^ Johannesburg, South Africa City Guide
- ^ Andrew Maykuth Online: Post apartheid, downtown deteriorates
- ^ South African Government Information: Address at launch of CCTV Anti-Crime Initiative
- ^ ICLEI: Overcoming Poverty in Johannesburg, South Africa
- ^ Exit Home: Micro loan for commuters
- ^ Johannesburg City: Johannesburg Housing Company counts its success
- ^ Landmarks Johannesburg
- ^ Johannesburg City: About Region 7
- ^ Wetlands: Jukskei River Revamping
- ^ Johannesburg City: Zoom in 'dirty water' hotspots
- ^ South African Government Information: ASMAL: Tree planting ceremony
- ^ Johannesburg City: Development Project
- ^ Why cities turn into a war zone
- ^ EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica's Guide to Black History: Soweto
- ^ Business Times: Crush the northern periphery to bring equality to the new SA
- ^ BootsnAll: Johannesburg, South Africa
- ^ safrica.info: We live in the city forest
External links
- Johannesburg in worldfacts.us
- Profile of Gauteng Province, where Johannesburg is located
- BBC News: Life and death on the Golden Highway
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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