Mazatlán

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MazatlÃÆ'¡n ( Spanish pronunciation: Ã, [when not] Ã, ( listen ) ) is a city in the state of Sinaloa Mexico. The city serves as a city center for the nearby municipio, known as MazatlÃÆ'¡n Municipality. It's located on 23 Â ° 13? N 106 Â ° 25 W on the Pacific coast, opposite the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula.

MazatlÃÆ'¡n is the word Nahuatl which means "place of deer." The city was founded in 1531 by Spanish and indigenous troops. In the mid-19th century, a large group of immigrants came from Germany. Together, with the hard work of the natives, they were able to develop MazatlÃÆ'¡n into a thriving commercial port, importing equipment for nearby gold and silver mines. It served as the capital of Sinaloa from 1859 to 1873. German settlers also influenced local music, banda, with several genres that were a change from Bavarian folk music. The settlers also founded Pacifico Brewery on March 14, 1900.

With a population of 438,434 (cities) and 489,987 (cities) at the 2010 census, MazatlÃÆ'¡n is the second largest city in the state. It is also a popular tourist destination, with its beaches lined with resort hotels. A car ferry crosses the Gulf of California, from MazatlÃÆ'¡n to La Paz, Baja California Sur. The municipality has a land area of ​​3,068.48 km² (1,184.75 sq mi) and includes smaller remote communities such as Villa UniÃÆ'³n, La Noria, El Quelite, and El Habal. MazatlÃÆ'¡n is served by Rafael Buelna International Airport.

MazatlÃÆ'¡n is also known as the hometown and sinaloense center of Banda, a musical genre that began to flourish in the XIX century and is now one of the most popular music genres in Mexico.

Video Mazatlán

Histori

Pemukim awal MazatlÃÆ'¡n

According to historians, the Native group was in the region of Mazatlán before the arrival of Spain. These groups include Totorames, which reside from the south bank of the Piaxtla River, to the RÃÆ'Â de de las CaÃÆ'Â ± as, as well as the Xiximes, who live in the mountains in the adjacent Durango state.

Until the early 19th century, MazatlÃÆ'¡n was a collection of huts occupied by indigenous people whose main job was fishing, according to Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars, a French explorer. In 1829, a Filipino banker named Juan Nepomuceno Machado arrived and established commercial relationships with ships coming to MazatlÃÆ'¡n from distant places like Chile, Peru, USA, Europe and Asia Pacific. In 1836, the city had a population between 4,000 and 5,000.

The foundations of the city, the colonial period

During the early years of the Spanish conquest in Sinaloa, the area currently occupied by the MazatlÃÆ'¡n municipality remained uninhabited. The closest town is Chametla, which was occupied by Spain in 1531, and lent its name to the province, although it was abandoned shortly thereafter.

In 1534, the MazatlÃÆ'¡n Valley was divided into 25 Castellanos by unknown people who did not stay long. In 1576, Don Hernando de BazÃÆ'¡n, Governor and Captain General Nueva Vizcaya, sent Captain Martin Hernandez with his father, brother and army to occupy the MazatlÃÆ'¡n site, giving them land and titles in return. The Captain's claim was ratified in the City of Durango in 1639, and passed in the same city in 1650.

The entry of NuÃÆ' Â ± o de Guzman to Sinaloa in 1531, and the designation of the conquered territory as a province, encouraged the division of the internal territory of the State. Chametla is occupied by Spain, and registered provinces stretching from Rio CaÃÆ' Â ± as Elota to the border with Culiacan province. The two provinces belong to the kingdom of New Galicia.

In 1565, the city of Chametla gradually diminished because of India's ongoing attacks. That year, Capt. Francisco de Ibarra restored the southern region of the country, rebuilt Chametla, and founded Villa de San SebastiÃÆ'¡n (now known as Concordia), and gave the territory to New Vizcaya. Provinces under its jurisdiction include villages of San Sebastián¡n, MazatlÃÆ'¡n and its ports, Charcas Copala Royals, and Panuco Finance.

During the later years of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the territory within Sinaloa remained unchanged until 1732, when the provinces of Sonora and Ostimuri were united, such as the provinces of Sinaloa, Culiacan and Rosario, with San Felipe and Santiago being the main cities.

In 1749, Sinaloa was divided into five provinces with the mayor and their lieutenant: Maloya, with jurisdiction over Chametla, Rosario, and San Jose; Copala, with jurisdiction over San Ignacio, Piaxtla, and MazatlÃÆ'¡n; CuliacÃÆ'¡n, with jurisdiction over Badiraguato, and Sinaloa, which borders the Mayor's River.

In 1786, the intendant system was implemented because of the need to establish a provincial government. The town of Arizpe was formed from the territory of Sonora and Sinaloa. That year, the first mayor, Garrido DurÃÆ'¡n, founded eleven subdelegations, eight of which were in Sinaloa, with MazatlÃÆ'¡n in the subdelegation of Copala, later called San SebastiÃÆ'¡n.

Independent Mexico

Among the first legislative enacted decrees was that the addition of each of the eleven districts, and this union, in accordance with Union Villa Mariano Balleza, was named one of the leading guerrillas, parish priest Dolores Hidalgo, that night. September 15, 1810.

In 1813, the Cadiz Constitution came into force. Article 310 of the Constitution is reserved for the installation of local councils in cities with more than 1,000 residents. In 1814, Fernando VII withdrew the constitution but was later restored in 1820, and the first municipality in Sinaloa was established.

By the end of the XVII century and early nineteenth century, Mazatlán was the original fishing village located north of Cerro de la Aduana. In 1821, it was declared the first port of Mazatlán on the Mexican Pacific coast.

Jurisdictionally, MazatlÃÆ'¡n remains dependent on the sub-delegation of San Sebastian, unaffected by the split between the state of Sonora and Sinaloa. In 1824, they gathered to form the Western State. After the imposition of a new internal division of the five departments and municipalities divided into parties, MazatlÃÆ'¡n is in the department of San Sebastian, which was formed with the parties of its name, San Ignacio and Rosario, and it was extended to the River Reeds.

In 1830, the Western State was divided into two states. The first constitution of the state of Sinaloa, passed on 12 December 1831, divided the region into eleven districts with their respective parties, leaving the La Union district of the city separated from Concord and San Ignacio.

According to French navigator Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars, a Spanish banker named Machado, through his commercial activities, provided a boost to MazatlÃÆ'¡n village in 1836, then a village of four to five thousand. It later became the largest port on the Pacific coast of Mexico.

In 1846 during the Mexican-American war, MazatlÃÆ'¡n was attacked and occupied by the US military as part of a US Pacific Coast campaign. In 1859, the harbor was blocked by Captain Sidney Grenfell of the British steamship H.M.S. Amethyst. On November 13, 1864, the French Army and Imperialist forces controlled MazatlÃÆ'¡n, until they were deported on 13 November 1866 by the forces of General RamÃÆ'³n Corona. After the customs officials seized twenty-three ounces of gold from the British Chanticleer warship on June 18, 1868, which at that time blocked the harbor, his captain, William H. Bridge, threatened to bomb the city. on November 22nd.

During the California Gold Rush, fortune hunters from the East Coast of the United States sailed from the Port of New York and other Atlantic ports to Mexican ports in the Gulf of Mexico. After landing, prospective miners travel overland for weeks to MazatlÃÆ'¡n, where they will depart from the port to arrive in San Francisco in four to five weeks.

When FÃÆ'Â © lix Zuloaga Tacubaya proclaimed the Ignoring Plan of the Constitution of 1857, the Plaza de MazatlÃÆ'¡n garrison did not live beyond this proclamation, and on January 1, 1858, the Plan of MazatlÃÆ'¡n was proclaimed, following the Zuloaga Plan.

The capital of Sinaloa, until 1853, was Culiacán. But that year, the capital was transferred to Mazatlán. On July 22, 1867, the federal government passed legislation prohibiting state capital also acting as ports. As a result of this law, on September 20, 1873, the State Legislative Body determined that Culiacán would be the capital of the country again.

The Siglo XIX Constitution of 1852 decided on a new internal division in Sinaloa, which reduced the nine districts by removing San Ignacio, which had been annexed to CosalÃÆ'¡, and Choix, which had been annexed by El Fuerte. It also changed the district name from Villa de la Union to the port of MazatlÃÆ'¡n. The same constitution also establishes the policy of headquarters and council facilities in each district.

In 1861, the political headquarters was moved and converted into prefecture, and in the same year the State Legislature adopted the Law on Municipalities. In 1868, the district had five municipalities in MazatlÃÆ'¡n; one in the middle and four others at Villa Union, Siqueiros, La Noria, and The Milkweed.

On the morning of November 13, 1864, a French navy ship fired twelve cannon fire into the city, causing minor damage to some homes, but not causing death. The attack stopped when the city prefect informed the occupiers that the Mexican Army had left the square and the city was officially handed over to France.

The Mazatlán Times is a weekly published by American A. D. Jones. The first problem came on May 12, 1863. The publisher was arguing that it was the only English weekly newspaper, not only in Mazatlán and Sinaloa, but throughout Mexico.

In 1873, according to the State census, MazatlÃÆ'¡n District was reduced to three municipalities: MazatlÃÆ'¡n, Villa Union, and La Noria. Siqueiros was annexed in 1870 to the city center, and The Milkweed to La Noria.

Porfiriato

Mazatlös (El Faro) lighthouse began operations in mid-1879. The maritime signal produced in Paris, France, contains large oil lamps with mirrors, and Fresnel lenses to focus light. Because the light is static, from a distance it is often misconstrued as a star. In 1905, this lamp was turned into a spinning lamp. During that period, MazatlÃÆ'¡n lighthouses were considered the tallest realms in the world. Today, a 1000 watt bulb can be seen for 30 nautical miles (60 km). Near the lighthouse beach, the famous "divers" (called this even by the Spanish-speaking population of MazatlÃÆ'¡n) did bravely jump from high rocks to the Pacific Ocean, for tips from sightseeing tourists.

On June 26, 1880, Jesus Ramirez, a former 400-strong general, stormed the garrison in the square and set MazatlÃÆ'¡n. The city was later bombed again by the Mexican battleship Democrats, who, during his attacks, killed and wounded a large number of women and children. Of the 24 shots fired, only three attacked the army headquarters, and the rest landed in neighboring houses.

Angela Peralta (1845-1883), a renowned Mexican opera diva worldwide, died of yellow fever at MazatlÃÆ'¡n shortly after her arrival at the harbor. Legend has it that she sang one last aria from her hotel balcony overlooking Plazuela Machado. His memory is firmly held by Mazatlecos to this day, and the restored Angela Peralta Theater by Plazuela keeps his memory alive.

Cerveceria del PacÃÆ'fico was founded in the city in 1900 by German immigrants.

Mexican Revolution

In 1912, the city government enacted Law No.21 as a form of internal division of the State. However, it was not until 1915 that the law was abolished by the political directorate, when establishing the first free commune.

With the publication of the decision to create the municipality of MazatlÃÆ'¡n in the official newspaper on April 8, 1915, an independent life began in the region. The 1917 Constitution, culminating in the first constitutional governor General RamÃÆ'³n F. Iturbe, was born in MazatlÃÆ'¡n, affirming the sixteen municipalities in which the state is divided, which will then be subdivided into curators and police.

The city of MazatlÃÆ'¡n has a dubious distinction as the second city in the world after Tripoli, Libya, suffered aerial bombing (though the local historical display on plazuela claims that MazatlÃÆ'¡n was first). During the Mexican Revolution, General Venustiano Carranza (the next president), intends to take the city of MazatlÃÆ'¡n, ordering a biplane to drop rough bumps of nails and leather-wrapped dynamite on the Neveria Hill target adjacent to the downtown area. Mazatlán. The crude bomb landed on target in the streets of MazatlÃÆ'¡n, killing two residents and injuring several others.

Modern

MazatlÃÆ'¡n is also the birthplace of Pedro Infante, one of the most popular actors and singers of the golden years of Cinema of Mexico.

MazatlÃÆ'¡n is highly regarded by movie stars like John Wayne, Gary Cooper, John Huston, and others from their generation as a sportfishing mecca. Hotels along the Olas Altas expanded during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, supporting this vibrant trade.

In the 1970s, tourism in Old MazatlÃÆ'¡n declined as new venues serving Western tourists opened on a stretch of beach just north of the city ("Zona Dorada"). For example MazatlÃÆ'¡n expansion of tourism, one of the largest timeshare providers in Mexico, Grupo Vidanta, was founded in 1975 with the inauguration of ParaÃÆ'so MazatlÃÆ'¡n (MazatlÃÆ'¡n Paradise). This time also saw the expansion of Playa MazatlÃÆ'¡n Hotel, and many other developments, a trend that continues to this day.

In addition to Infante, Lorena Herrera, one of the most famous actresses and singers in Mexico and Latin America during the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, is the most famous native of MazatlÃÆ'¡n. German-born telenovela Sabine Moussier, a Herrera stablemate - both of whom have been under the contract of Televisa since the 1990s - also grew up in MazatlÃÆ'¡n. Hollywood and Broadway actress Sara Ramirez is also an original MazatlÃÆ'¡n.

When the 21st century began, Centro HistÃÆ'³rico was rediscovered by newcomers and locals, spurring a revival and entrepreneurial enterprise. The destroyed houses that have been destroyed are literally restored to their former glory as family homes and boutique businesses. The city has been assisted by improved infrastructure such as better water, sewerage, and electrical services.

Maps Mazatlán

Neighboring communities

The city of MazatlÃÆ'¡n is organized in territories into nine syndicates:

MazatlÃÆ'¡n: The capital city, the greatest and most important tourist destination.

Villa Union: Located 25 km from MazatlÃÆ'¡n, the second most important city of the municipality. It is said that the first settlers belonged to the Spanish family who arrived there in 1576. Among his economic activities were fishing, agriculture, livestock, fruit growing, cultivation, and brick making.

El Recodo: Called to Rio Presidio square shape at this point. This is the birthplace of Don Cruz Lizarraga, Banda El Recodo's international founder. Its economic activities are livestock, agriculture, fruit growing, tannery, and saddle.

El Quelite: A beautiful and attractive tourist town, located 38 km northwest of MazatlÃÆ'¡n. The El Quelite River passes by. The houses contain the dominant classical Spanish influence in the 18th century. CharrerÃÆ'a is practiced here, like a Prehispanic game called Ulama. The main economic activities are: livestock, agriculture, agriculture and fruit growing.

MÃÆ'¡rmol de Salcido: The city is 32 km from Mazatlán. It is an important cement and center production line. Its current economic activity is the production of chillies, fodder, and tomatoes; the beach has many pristine beaches.

El Roble: Founded in 1867, is 32 km from MazatlÃÆ'¡n. It became the largest sugar factory in the south of the state. Its main economic activity is agriculture and the production of cheese and honey.

Siqueiros: Originally called Penitas, later adopted the name San José © de Siqueiros, in honor of the city's patron saint, and the name of its founder. Founded in 1749, located 29 km from MazatlÃÆ'¡n on the Presidio River. Among its economic activities are agriculture, livestock, and vegetables.

La Noria: Located 35 km northwest of MazatlÃÆ'¡n, the first settlers date from the late sixteenth century. Among its economic activities are livestock, agriculture, and saddles. It is close to Presa Picachos. A few miles away is the famous Vinata de Los Osuna, the premier agave blue producer, belonging to the family of the same name.

El Habal: A village located 10 km north of Mazatlán. Its inhabitants are involved in farming, agriculture, and fruit growing.

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Geography

The city of MazatlÃÆ'¡n is located in the southern part of Sinaloa State, between meridians 105 Â ° 56'55 "and 106 Â ° 37'10", west of Greenwich and between parallel 23 Â ° 04'25 "and 23 Â ° 50 ' 22 "north latitude. It is 10 m above sea level.

The land reaches 3068.48 square kilometers, ie 5.3% of the total area of ​​the Sinaloa State, therefore classified as the ninth largest municipality.

It borders on the north by the municipalities of San Ignacio and Durango state, in the south by the city of Rosario and the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the town of Concordia and west on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Edaphology

There are two types of soil that have been formed here: The first type, podzolic, is characterized by a very white river sky with the outer shell on the bed of brown organic detritus; These soils have a spodic horizon as the main base, classified into 5 classes: a) podzol, b) humid, c) calm, d) iron, and e) gleyic.

Iron-smoke is identified by the percentage ratio between free iron and carbon 6 or less than 6 each; humic grouped by scattered organic and aluminum materials; tranquility determined by a thin iron "bread" on or above the horizon.

The Spodic sometimes has characteristics that show saturation with water at certain times of the year. The iron soil, as the name implies, consists mostly of iron; in a gleyic podzol, in addition to the spodic horizon that appears in it, you see a picture of gley, which looks very saturated with water at certain times of the year.

The latter is laterite ground, located on the southeast side of the city, where the Sierra Madre Occidental foothills reach the sea. These lands are typical tropical rain, presenting small tiles of two types: (red and yellow), typical of the temperate subtropical moist environment.

Geomorphology

The orography is determined by the consequences of the Sierra Madre Occidental on the northwest coastal plains leading to the Pacific Ocean, where the hills rise towards Vigia, Punta de MaterÃÆ'Â n, and the Monte seats. This orography, prior to entering the municipality of San Ignacio, takes the name Sierra del Metate, whose characteristic is the formation of the Metate Peak.

On the edge of MazatlÃÆ'¡n and Concordia runs Sierra del Metate and Panuco. In this area, the Sierra Madre Occidental is diverted to penetrate Durango, departing before some detachments, such as Sierra de San Juan and Friars, and is, in its topography, the following hilly terrain:

At the north end of the city one can see the monks extending to the northwest, with altitudes ranging from 150 to 1,900 meters above sea level. In the northwest, the El Quelite branch has a height of 50-700 meters above sea level. On the south-east and north sides, Arroyo de La Noria and several tributaries from the El Quelite River rise up. The town of La Noria is located in the same part of this mountain, stretching northwestward at an altitude of 300 and 500 meters above sea level. On the west side, Brook Zapote begins. Sierra de San Marcos is located in the north at 50 to 700 meters above sea level. Forming the southeast and northwest slopes is Brook Copala and several tributaries of the Presidio River.

Geology

The geological properties of the municipality, mainly made of sedimentary rock, bring out rock fragments of consolidated rocks and rocks, and volcanic and metamorphic rocks. MazatlÃÆ'¡n generally consists of tonalite and monsonitas belonging to the Middle Tertiary: rhyodacites, rhyolites and ignimbrites with tratified sediment in the outcrop basis; andesitic rocks and late felsitic conglomerates Initial limestone, sandstone, tuff, sandy tuff "tobalÃÆ'tica", sandstone tycoons, arctic hurricanes and end Tertiary rhyolitic tuffs, limestones, shales, sandstones and quartzite coal, gravel and conglomerates that make alluvial fans and slope deposits; rhyolite and rhyodacite tuffs of the same composition, dacit and medium Tertiary and Decreased; volcanic and pyroclastic spills of Puritan lime composition; plutonic rocks of basic composition and bedrock Paleozoic, Cretaceous Cretaceous base, conglomerate of frozen and metamorphic songs; sediments in streams and rivers and sandy sediments, gravel, silt, and orange deposits.

Hydrology

The El Quelite River, and the Zapote River, La Noria, and Los Cocos form part of the municipal water resources on the southwest and southeast slopes; this flow increases its volume during the rainy season.

El Quelite River flows record 835 square kilometers, where it is drained each year with an average of 107 million cubic meters with variations ranging from 78 to 163 million cubic meters. Hydrological currents that pass through Mazatlán this touches El Castillo, Las Juntas, Amapa, Los Naranjos, Milkweed, Modesto Station, and El Recreo. After traveling 100 kilometers from its source, it will enter the Pacific Ocean. The El Zapote and Los Cocos Rivers flowed south-east to end on the Presidio River, to the village where they took their names.

On the southeastern slope of Sierra del Quelite is the De La Noria river, and on the north side there are several tributaries of the El Quelite River. The flow of La Noria flows to the southeast of the city with the same name, and finally ends at the Presidio River.

The El Zapote River is formed on the western slope of the Sierra de La Noria, and moves to the southwest. At a glance, it touches the cities of Zapote and El Recreo, and boils down in the Pacific Ocean.

On the northern slopes of the Sierra del Salto, near the village of the same name in the state of Durango, the Presidio River moves to the southeast and travels 167 kilometers. Its catchment area is 5,614 square kilometers, with an average annual expenditure of 900 million cubic meters, a maximum of 2,225 and a minimum of 550 million cubic meters. The population in its banks are Los Cocos, El Zapote, El Placer, El Tecomate, Copala, El Recodo, Porras, Villa UniÃÆ'³n, Alley Ostial, and Alley Rosa.

Beach

The municipal beach stretches over 80 kilometers, and sandy beach sediments form on the northwest side of the municipal head. There are substances that are classified as embankments, which are soft sediment formations. The coast consists of pebbles and conglomerates that form alluvial fans and sedimentary slopes.

In the southwest corner, Huizache Lagoon occupies an area of ​​4,000 acres of 40.0 square miles). He received maritime influence through the estuary of the Ostial River and a freshwater diversion channel, and received water from the Presidio River. It receives water from the United States as well.

The municipal coastline is lined with shrimp and small-scale fishing vessels.

The cooperative is distributed at Escopama estuary, Salinitas, El Veintinueve, and Estero Uriah Huizache lagoon.

Most of the municipal islands are formed by ignimbrites, rhyolitic tuffs and altered tuffs sandstones and bright color flaws.

Bird Island is located between extreme equatorial coordinates from 106 ° 28'34 "west longitude and 23 ° 15'25" north latitude; Its territory is about 0.4 square kilometers, 1.1 kilometers long, and the maximum and minimum reach is 800-650 meters each.

The Deer Island lies between 106 ° 27'60 "west longitude and 23 ° 14'03" north latitude; its estimated length is 1,850 meters, and its width varies between 250 and 700 meters.

Creston Island is located on the western edge of the Gulf beyond MazatlÃÆ'¡n, and has a length of 700 meters and a maximum width of 800 meters. To the northwest, about 3 miles away, small islands such as "Southern Brother" and "Northern Brother" (the first with a height of 46.3 meters) and Turtle Rock rose 1.5 meters above sea level on its highest ridge.

Goat Island is similar to Creston's appearance; has a height above sea level slightly above 50 meters.

Pulau Batu is the most important part of the coastline of the city; its size is the largest of all because it has 30 square kilometers, and its length is about 14.5 miles with a width of 2.5. Despite its name, Stone Island is a peninsula that connects to the continent near MazatlÃÆ'¡n International Airport.

Climate

MazatlÃÆ'¡n has a tropical savanna climate bordering the hot Semi-arid climate, with a marked and somewhat long dry season and an average annual temperature of 25 ° C.

Note that during the summer months, with the humidity factor, the temperature usually feels far above what the thermometer indicates.

During the period 1940-1980, the municipality experienced an average of 748 mm rainfall, with a maximum of 215.4 mm in 24 hours, and 90.4 mm observed in one hour. During the same period the average annual evaporation rate is 2146.80 mm; wind prevailing in the northwest with an average speed of 5.0 meters. Thermal sensation in summer is quite marked.

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Flora and fauna

Flora of Mazatlán is tabachines, eucalyptus, laurels, and poplar. Its fauna include birds such as ducks, goats, and pelicans. There are armadillo, raccoons, and various sea species such as whales, dolphins, turtles, and fish. White deer is one of the main animals that characterizes Mazatlán. Today, there are fewer animals and plants than ever before, because the way humans change the ecosystem.

MazatlÃÆ'¡n has several protected areas, one of which is the Flora and Fauna Area Protection (APFF). CACAXTLA Plateau is located between the city of MazatlÃÆ'¡n and San Ignacio in the central part of the state of Sinaloa, and contains part of the state coastal habitat, and is the largest in Sinaloa. This habitat richness supports the existence of 66 species of flora and fauna listed in NOM-059-ECOL-2001 and CITES and 47.5% of endemism reported for Sinaloa, plus charismatic species and commercially important. At the same time, the protected area is home to a population of 7,964 inhabitants, whose livelihood depends entirely on the extraction of natural resources in this area. The relationship between nature and society in the Cacaxtla Highlands APFF is the focus of this program.

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Etymology

The etymological MazatlÃÆ'¡n comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Deer Land" (mazatl "deer" and Tlan: "earth" or "place").

Initially, the name of the Presidio of MazatlÃÆ'¡n was used for what is now called Villa UniÃÆ'³n. The port of MazatlÃÆ'¡n is presented as a reference to get to the Presidio by sea, and is called the Mazatlán Islands. With Estado de Occidente's decision, on September 11, 1828, the Presidio of MazatlÃÆ'¡n was renamed Villa of the Union. This freed the name MazatlÃÆ'¡n (deer land), and because the port was known as the Islas de MazatlÃÆ'¡n, the name was adopted.

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Economy

Tourism and fishing is the main industry in MazatlÃÆ'¡n. The city has a major beach resort, and has the second largest fishing fleet in Mexico. The most processed seafood products in town are shrimp and tuna. The first MazatlÃÆ'¡n hotel with its in-house restaurant was named Canton La Fonda, and began operating in 1850. The house is owned by a Chinese immigrant, Luen-Sing, called the establishment of the Luen-Sing Hotel. In 1864, there were three hotels and three restaurants in MazatlÃÆ'¡n, with more opening in the late nineteenth century. Today, over twenty miles of beach is the main attraction, and the city contains a large number of hotels, restaurants, bars and shops. The city is also a brewery, coffee factory, and two power plants.

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Gastronomy

At MazatlÃÆ'¡n, one can enjoy a variety of fresh seafood, especially ceviches, cocktails, zarandeado fish, and aguachile. Traditional to find smoke and tuna marlin, and chilorio and chicken, roasted Sinaloa style has exceeded the limit.

Some other regional dishes that have become famous are bearded tamales (made with shrimp), taco governors, and fish crackers.

Local cuisine offers variety for all tastes. It is easy to find places to enjoy international cuisine such as Japanese, Chinese, fast food, vegetarian, snacks, meats and various taquerias with their own special food.

Drinks in the city are as varied as the tastes of visitors, as you can find a wide range of fresh drinks like horchata, barley, coconut, coconut horchata, and Tejuino; good wine, and of course, a great variety of beers, the most famous is a local beer called PacÃÆ'fico, which has its factory at the harbor. The other famous drink in the region is a vanilla-scented drink called "tonicol."

Typical candy to include coconut candy, jamoncillos, and other candies made with coconut marshmallows from the area. The MalecÃÆ'³n of MazatlÃÆ'¡n

The Malecón (boardwalk) of Mazatlán is considered one of the longest in the world. It is about 8.5 km along the Pacific coast. Along the Malecón there are high cliffs, monuments, gazeboes, old buildings, hotels, etc.

The MalecÃÆ'³n of MazatlÃÆ'¡n consists of a series of scenic streets with pedestrian spaces, whose names vary along the route with the stage or time of construction; from south to north are streets:

Calz. Joel Montes Camarena: a small road that connects the lighthouse, which used to be an island, to the whole city.
• Paseo del Centenario: starting on the previous road and bordering on the west on a hill looking where the cliffs are visible, built to commemorate the centenary of Mexican Independence.
• Paseo Olas Altas: the oldest part of the boardwalk, originally an embankment to prevent flood problems in the 1830s, then become a dike used as a city space, and eventually into a recreation room. It is the first part of the city by street lighting, and includes the southern side of icebox hills and hills looking.
• Paseo Claussen: Built for a hundred years in 1910. It borders the waves and ends in the bay of Puerto Viejo. It was named in honor of George Claussen, who was in command of the MazatlÃÆ'¡n Works Agency and promoted the one hundred year project.
• Avenida del Mar: This is the most representative and longest part of the boardwalk; it extends along the bay of Puerto Viejo and comprises over half of all the boardwalk. The panoramic tour ends at the end, which initiates the Golden Zone (the main hotel zone), and the road is renamed twice and continues for several kilometers parallel to the shoreline, yet retains some distance from the beach hotels.

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MazatlÃÆ'¡n Aquarium

Since it opened on September 13, 1980, MazatlÃÆ'¡n Aquarium has become one of the most complete and best of its kind in Latin America, in addition to being the largest in Mexico. According to the agency, "The main goal is for people to learn to appreciate the marine ecosystems we rely on, and we push this through the knowledge of marine species."

It is divided into two main areas, Aquarium and Botanical Garden; together, they contain the following facilities:

Aquarium: Part 1: Sea Fish and Jellyfish. Part 2: Sea Fish and Diving Exhibition. Part 3: Freshwater Fish and Middle Fishbowl: Shark Sharks

• Diving -Prohibition Activity: Swimming with Sharks. 2 Shark Species, 2 Sea Turtle Species, 50 different species of fish, 2 Striped Rays, 1 Sparrowhawk.
• Museum of the Seas: Temporary exhibitions and permanent exhibits that cover shells, snails, and materials related to marine ecosystems.

Botanical Garden: 1 hectare consisting of 75 species of trees from all over the world, and Sinaloa regional species.

• Pond Sea Lions: Sea Lion.
• Frog Pond: 21 aquariums in which about 13 species and a total of about 120 organisms are located, including grass frogs, toads, green tree frogs, eagle rays, and giant Mazatleco toads.
• Oceanic Fishbowl: A total of 50 species of which are lemon sharks, giant groupers, ridley olives, hawksbill, rays, snapper, butterfly fish, mackerel and more.
• Aviary: about 13 species of birds that inhabit the State of Sinaloa are shown: peacocks, mallards, white pelicans, brown pelicans, quails, pichichin ducks, white wing pigeons, and others.
• Cactus section
• Crocodile

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MazatlÃÆ'¡n Lighthouse

MazatlÃÆ'¡n Lighthouse, called El Faro Lighthouse, is located at the top of Cerro del Creston, on the southern tip of the peninsula of MazatlÃÆ'¡n. The lighthouse has a settling difference in what was once an island, and has a length of 641 meters by 321 meters and a height of 157 meters, making it the highest natural lighthouse in America, and one of the largest operational lighthouses in America. World.

In 1821, Cortes of Cadiz issued a decree authorizing the City of MazatlÃÆ'¡n as the first port in the Mexico Pacific. It introduces MazatlÃÆ'¡n as a viable destination for international trade. The decision, along with the rapid growth of large mining and commercial consortia, led to increased ship traffic levels. At that time, not infrequently there were more than 60 ships from Europe and the Far East, filled with various types of merchandise, to reach the harbor each year. After a few days of travel and trading supplies, these ships will depart MazatlÃÆ'¡n loaded with gold and silver bars from a rich mine in the region.

While the amount of exponential growth in ship traffic into and out of the harbor undoubtedly benefits the region, it also presents problems at night. At that time there was no way to show the boat in the dark places where the marina was, or how to enter and dock, making it difficult for ships to be accurate, which often caused sailors to endanger their ships.

The first use of Isla de Creston as a bright marine signal was in 1828. The light facility, located on an impressive hill, is very simple, consisting of only small stone structures where fire, driven by whale oil and wood, or coconut flakes , turned on. Fires are fed in wood and coal, enabling them to produce a dim light that can only be seen within walking distance, making it slightly helpful to sailors, especially in bad weather.

El Faro is the answer to that problem. First lit above the Pacific Ocean in 1879, the original lighthouse of the lighthouse was built in Paris. It's made of an oil lamp surrounded by a mirror, and a Fresnel lens for focusing light. This allows the light of El Faro to be seen from a great distance further, and thus provides better navigational services, leading to a higher-precision approach.

In 1905, the lamp was converted into hydrogen gas, and made to be able to spin in full circle. The last update of the light source came in 1933, when it was converted into electricity, which still exists today. To emit strong light, El Faro uses a 1,000-watt lamp, which is focused by Fresnel lenses.

This place is now one of the best tourist attractions in the city of Mazatlan, and people can climb to see it up close. The view from the lighthouse is also a great attraction for visitors.

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Banda Sinaloense

Banda Sinaloense or Tambora is a type of musical ensemble, as well as a genre of traditional and popular music, founded in the early twenties in the state of Sinaloa, in the northwestern region of Mexico. It comes from the European Fanfare style, however, like many other traditional Mexican ensembles, the Banda Sinaloense group performs various forms of music, and their repertoire includes various traditional styles such as rancheras, corridos, polka, waltz, mazurka and chotis, all tailored to the sensitivity of the population this region of Mexico: popular romantic music and ballads like Cumbia.

The unique sound of the band Sinaloa is very similar to the German and French wind instruments, although there is a difference in style between the north-central and southern parts of the country. In the north-central region, the expression of music is lighter and nuanced, more like Western European style, and in the south, the style has a very strong expression and slightly less nuanced performance, more influenced by Bavarian German style. Some researchers have found the origins of these styles to these areas, especially given the foreign intervention in the state and in MazatlÃÆ'¡n at the beginning of the century, inhabited mostly by German immigrants. However, Swiss ethnomusicologist Helena Simonett explains that the first Sinaloense band was formed by people who left military and city bands, and went to live in mountain villages, adding trust to Sinaloa founders with rhythmic influences Mayo-Yoreme, which has contributed to its essence. Nevertheless, there was a historic agreement that determined the influence of music before the MazatlÃÆ'¡n (1870-1890) German trade explosion, because it would not only cause the distribution of instruments through marketing, but also require cultural disclosures that could only occur in close relationships between such traders and people in the region, and this situation only occurs in MazatlÃÆ'¡n. That is why the theory of French and Spanish influence on German influences in other regions of Sinaloa is reinforced because the development of Sinaloan drum music has a record and previous history in a remote place in the Sinaloa mountains where there is no German influence. However, the interventions of postwar French influence and the remnants of Spanish culture were present. There is also evidence of the formation of the first groups of organic MazatlÃÆ'¡n as well as other parts of Sinaloa, for example: La Banda El Recodo de Don. Cruz Lizarraga in 1938, which had a strong German influence in his playing style, and included stringed instruments, in contrast to La Banda Los Tacuichamona (1888), La Banda Los Sirolas Culiacan (1920) and The Band of Brothers Rubio (1929) Mocorito is exclusively a brass and percussion instrument similar to the Galo-Ibà © rico fanfare style.

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Main beach

• Olas Altas: the beach with the largest historical reference to MazatlÃÆ'¡n, is located in the southern part of the city, a few meters from the city center. On the boardwalk passing Olas Altas, one can see various monuments such as The Shield, which contains the shields of Sinaloa and MazatlÃÆ'¡n; Deer, statues of deer represent the etymology of the city's name; Monuments to Pedro Infante; Monuments of Life Sustainability; Mazatleca Women's Monument, as well as the famous restaurant "Puerto Viejo".

• Norte Beach: Located along the northwestern edge of the downtown commercial district. Here one can find the Fishermen's Monument; Monuments to Pulmonias, and the Brewery Pacific Monument at home. The second refers to the characteristic taxi of this city.
• SÃÆ'¡balo Beach: a stretch of beach along the Camaron Sabalo and Malecon from the Fishermen's Monument to the marina pier.
• Cerritos Beach: Starts at the entrance to the "new" marina and the Golden Zone end (the hotel district) and runs north to the Cerritos point, a rocky landform just before the Emerald Bay resort.
• Isla de la Piedra Beach: One kilometer long Located in the southern part of town on a peninsula separated from the old city by the entrance to the main commercial port; accessible only by cars and rugged long dusty roads off the airport access lane, or, by a small passenger ferry providing regular service from the pier at the edge of the historic center.

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Tourism and culture

Historical Center

The Center of History of MazatlÃÆ'¡n, amongst which were formerly French, German, Chinese, Italian, Spanish, and American (many of MazatlÃÆ'¡n's contemporary inhabitants are descendants of this), were named the Nation Heritage on 12 March 2001. A civic association consisting of a group of MazatlÃÆ'¡n residents have managed to revive this area, along with support from various organizations, companies, and government authorities. Among the buildings and areas of high cultural value are Plazuela Machado, Angela Peralta Theater, Old Iturbide Hotel (now City Art Center), Mansion of Redo, Melchers House, House of Retes, Corvera Building, Bank of London and Mexico Building, Haas House , Temple of San JosÃÆ'Â ©, and various others.

Culture and art

MazatlÃÆ'¡n hosts several events each year, the most important being the 114-year-old Carnival International in 2012. Another notable event is the MazatlÃÆ'¡n Cultural Festival and the International Dance Festival JosÃÆ'Â © LimÃÆ'³n, celebrated every year of the season cold and spring, respectively. There is also the Book Fair and Arts of MazatlÃÆ'¡n (Feliart) and MazatlÃÆ'¡n Book Fair (FELIMAZ).

Another important event is the International Motorcycle Week, which attracts thousands of motorcyclists from all over the country as well as from abroad, and is held annually during Easter week.

In sports, MazatlÃÆ'¡n is home to the Pacific International Triathlon held in April, and the Pacific International Marathon, held annually in late November and early December, and attended by athletes from around the world.

In 2012, MazatlÃÆ'¡n was chosen as the host city for the tenth installment of Premios Oye !, a prize awarded by the National Academy of Music in Mexico, and the Olympic Volleyball Games for the Games in London 2012.

MazatlÃÆ'¡n Carnival

It is currently one of the most important carnivals in Mexico, since the first parade on Sunday brought together more than 600,000 people for over three hours in the coastal area of ​​the city on "Avenida del Mar." The novelty that allows travelers to come from all over the world to witness this festival is called "Burning humor" where tradition says to burn characters (Monigote) represents someone who thinks people have made a mistake, which usually means politician, president, or as in 2013, "influenza" was burned. Both of these have negatively affected the country's image in recent years. This was followed by the famous "Combat of the Navy", which depicted the battles that occurred against French ships attempting to land at the harbor.

The highly representative elements of this carnival are the huge "Monigotes" that are placed in important areas of the city as decorations. This is a gigantic figure made of paper mache supported by a large structure. The main event of the carnival is the coronation of the queen of carnival, and this is a massive event held with the selection of world-class artists. Two parades are scheduled, one on Sunday and one on Mardi Gras (to close the celebration). Extraordinary ornaments and colorful buoys lined the nice part of the coastal journey, with an estimated number of several hundred thousand spectators present. These include royal courts, ambassadors from all over the country and abroad, special guests like athletes, TV entertainers, and various business personalities, not to mention hundreds of Mazatlecos of all ages and social conditions.

The MazatlÃÆ'¡n Carnival is distinguished from other carnivals because of its distinctive accompaniment by Banda Sinaloa music that has transcended the world through what is now called "la onda grupera." Events include cultural activities (poet contests, literary prizes, and artistic great quality performances), with which the party extends to all sectors of the population and includes a variety of local tastes and tourists.

Sports

Baseball is very popular among Mazatlecos. The representative team, called Venados de Mazatlan, is part of the Mexican Pacific League. The league season begins in mid-October and ends in late December. Playoffs in January and of the eight teams that make up the league, one being Mexico's representative in the Caribbean Series.

MazatlÃÆ'¡n is the country's premier sports center, with important sporting events such as marathons and triathlons, where not only local but also foreign athletes participate.

Another sport that has been practiced for over 25 years is football, with major achievements across states and nationalities.

One of the early cricket team at MazatlÃÆ'¡n was MazatlÃÆ'¡n Redskins.

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Transportation

Rafael Buelna International Airport (IATA Code: MZT) has daily domestic flights and international flights to the United States and Canada.

By land, MazatlÃÆ'¡n is connected to the north (Culiacan) and south (Tepic) and to Guadalajara via highway 15 and Federal Highway 15D as appropriate. To the east, connect to Durango by Highway 40 and the corresponding Federal Highway 40D.

Ferries make daily trips to La Paz, Baja California Sur, while various cruises visit the harbor each week from the United States.

The Durango-MazatlÃÆ'¡n highway

The Durango-Mazatlán highway is a highway connecting Mazatlán and Durango cities, across the Sierra Madre Occidental.

With an investment of more than 28 billion pesos, the Durango-MazatlÃÆ'¡n highway is one of the bravest projects in Mexico.

Main feature

• along 230Ã, km
• 63 tunnel
• 115 bridges including Baluarte Bridge
• Two-lane and four-lane sections
• The initial cost estimate for employment is 3.5 billion pesos, with a final estimate of 28.6 billion pesos
• Generates 4,500 direct jobs and 10,000 indirect jobs
• 7.7 km 4-lane spread (including Baluarte Bridge)

The main part

• The tunnel "The Sinaloa, measuring 2,744 meters
• Baluarte Bridge with a center span of 520 meters and a total length of 1,114 meters
• Bridge Parlors

Reduction time 6-8 hours up to 3 hours.

Pulmonias is a popular form of transportation in MazatlÃÆ'¡n. This form of transportation was created in MazatlÃÆ'¡n. Taxis like golf carts are popular transportation options.

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Political situation

In the municipality of MazatlÃÆ'¡n, there are two electoral preferences. While residents of curators, police stations, and other villages in the municipality continued to vote traditionally for the Institutional Revolutionary Party, this phenomenon changed within the city.

MazatlÃÆ'¡n is traditionally ruled by city leaders of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party. During the 1989 city election, Rice Humberto Garca (1990-1992) won the presidency as a candidate for the National Action Party (PAN). However, the Institutional Revolutionary Party regained the municipality during the 1992 election, when Martin Gavica GarduÃÆ'Â ± o (1993-1995) won the leadership. Alejandro Camacho Mendoza reclaimed the municipality for his party, PAN, for the period 1996-1998, and Alejandro Higuera Osuna held it for the period 1999-2001.

In the 2002-2004 elections, the National Action Party and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) were defeated by Labor candidate Jorge Alberto Rodriguez Steps. However, a few months after taking the mayor's oath, Rodriguez Steps was ousted by the State Congress after being accused of domestic violence, in which his own wife accused him. The place was taken by Gerardo Ramirez Rosete, from the same party. Shortly thereafter, in a move seen as the ruse of the state government of PRI, he was replaced by Ricardo RamÃÆ'rez GonzÃÆ'¡lez, a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party.

In the 2005-2007 election, Alejandro Higuera Osuna of PAN won the presidency and held him until June 2007, when he resigned to participate in local representative elections; on the 12th of that month, he was replaced by Isaac Lopez Arregui.

In the 2008-2010 election, the Institutional Revolutionary Party retook the city with its candidate Jorge Abel Lopez Sanchez.

Since April 2010, the city of MazatlÃÆ'¡n has been ruled by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the National Action Party since the last mayor's election was won by PRI member Jorge Abel Lopez Sanchez, who defeated former PAN and government Petetista (PT). It was the last time MazatlÃÆ'¡n had a PRI government.

In July 2010, in the election of the Deputy Governors, Vice Presidents, and Local Cities, the first loss occurred on the governor Sinaloa PRI. Mario LÃÆ'³pez Valdez, a former Sinaloa Senator and a member of PRI, was defeated. This ends the PRI hegemony in the state of Sinaloa. Another important event is the third choice of Alejandro Higuera Osuna from PAN, who won the MazatlÃÆ'¡n city presidency. In addition, PAN won a historic vote throughout the state.

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Educational institutions

The French explorer Duflot de Mofras noted that in the 1840s, foreign traders based in MazatlÃÆ'¡n encouraged the opening of the city's first public school. However, in 1872, there were only two elementary schools. In 1873, Liceo Rosales, who from time to time would become the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, was founded.

Currently in MazatlÃÆ'¡n there are preschool schools, elementary, middle, high schools, colleges, and faculty from both public and private institutions. Of them, the main ones are Sinaloa Autonomous University, MazatlÃÆ'¡n Institute of Technology, Western University, Sinaloa Polytechnic University and Nautical MazatlÃÆ'¡n School. Of these universities, only the Sinaloa Autonomous University is public. Those included in the private sector, in addition to those mentioned above, also include TecMilenio University, the Autonomous University of Durango, and Sinaloa Superior Institute of Technology.

The National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, has a presence in the city with an academic unit specializing in marine science and the Center for Food Research and Development.

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Images

• MazatlÃÆ'¡n

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Twin Cities

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See also

• Basilica Cathedral Immaculate Conception, MazatlÃÆ'¡n

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References

Additional resources

• (in Spanish) Link to population data table from Census 2005, Instituto Nacional de EstadÃÆ'stica y GeografÃÆ'a (INEGI)
• (in Spanish) Sinaloa Enciclopedia de los Municipios de MÃÆ' Â © xico

External links

• MazatlÃÆ'¡n in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
• Instituto de Cultura
• Hector's Bistro
• Carnaval of MazatlÃÆ'¡n
• MazatlÃÆ'¡n City

Source of the article : Wikipedia