The Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington was founded in 1907. It is one of the longest farming markets that continues to run in the United States.
Video History of the Pike Place Market
Sebelum Pasar
Prior to the creation of the Pike Place Market in 1907, local Seattle farmers sold their goods to the public in a three-square block area called The Lots, located on Sixth Avenue and King Street. Most of the products sold in The Lots would then be taken to a commercial wholesale house on Western Avenue, which became known as Produce Row. Most farmers, due to the amount of time required to work on their farms, are forced to sell their crops through consignment through wholesalers on Western Avenue. Farmers usually receive a percentage of the last sale price for their goods. They will sell to brokers on commissions, because most farmers often have no time to sell directly to the public, and their income will be at the marked price and expected sales. In some cases, farmers make a profit, but as often find themselves break even, or not earn any money at all because of the business practices of the wholesalers. During the existence of wholesale houses, which far ahead of the Market, there are regular rumors as well as examples of corruption in refusing payments to farmers.
Consumers are also not happy with this system. Manipulated prices often force them to pay unexpected high prices for staples. For example, in 1906 and 1907, food prices jumped mysteriously. The price of onions rose from 10 cents per pound in 1906 to one dollar per pound in 1907 (from US $ 0.10 to $ 1.00). In comparison, a pair of shoes cost $ 2.00 at the time.
Maps History of the Pike Place Market
Establishment
As consumers and farmers became increasingly vocal in their unhappiness over the situation, Thomas P. Revelle, a Seattle city councilman, lawyer, and newspaper editor, took advantage of a Seattle city regulation in 1896 that allowed the city to determine land as a public market.. The Western Avenue area above the Elliott Bay tideflats and the commission dining area has just been converted into a wooden boardwalk, called Pike Place, just outside Pike Street and First Avenue. Through the city council elections, he placed the temporary Pike Place as the city's first public market on August 5, 1907.
On Saturday, August 17, 1907, City Council President Charles Hiram Burnett Jr., filling in for the mayor elected as mayor of acting in Seattle, announcing General Market Day and cutting the ribbon. In the weeks leading up to the Pike Place Market opening, further rumors and stories of corruption were reported by the Seattle Times . Approximately ten farmers pulled their carts on the sidewalk adjacent to the Leland Hotel. The Times accused several reasons for the low number of farmers: Western Avenue wholesale commission members who went to the nearest valleys and fields to buy all the time before it was to destroy the event; threat of violence by commission members against peasants; and farmers' fear of possible boycotts and lack of business with commission members if the Market idea does not work in the long term.
When the tape was cut to open Markets, fifty customers, ten farmers with production cars, a policeman, and various city officials attended. As soon as the opening ceremony was over, fifty customers were reported to have pushed past and passed the police, and started buying vegetable carts first before farmers could even pull the train onto the sidewalk. A porter, working for a Western Avenue merchant, apparently became angry at the direct competition by the peasants, and climbed into one of the produce carts. He started freely giving farmers' belongings, before the angry spectators pulled him down. Other farmers complained about their belongings being destroyed on the streets by youths and boys, who were accused of trying to initiate unrest. In Soul of the City , a farmer was quoted speaking to a reporter describing that first day:
"Next time I come to this place, I'll get police protection or put a train on my cricket.I get rid of everything, okay, but I do not really sell turnips.You see, the women of that society stormed my cart, crawled over wheels and packed me up to a respectable distance, say 20 feet (6.1 m).When I returned, the wagon was swept clean like a nice housewife's living room, and there in a basket of baskets there was a quart of silver. "
Hundreds more customers soon arrived, and before noon that day, all the farmers' crops were sold out.
Goodwin's expansion years
In 1907, Frank Goodwin owned the Goodwin Real Estate Company in Seattle, along with his brothers Frank and John. Headquartered in the Alaska City Building, they have Leland Hotel on Pike Street and an undeveloped plot of land that surrounds Pike Place along Western Avenue. On the opening day of the Market, Goodwin observed the early chaos of farmers dealing with so many people. Feeling that their land will appreciate its value, they start advertising a lot of adjacent plots for sale. Goodwin immediately began sketching plans for a cage into a farmhouse along the company property he owned at Pike Place, and began developing a business plan to rent out stalls in their cages to farmers. Funded by Goodwin Real Estate, work starts immediately on what is now the Main Arcade of Pike Place Market, to the northwest and adjacent to Leland Hotel.
The first building in the Market, Main Arcade, opened on November 30, 1907. At the opening, the forty-piece band performed for the big cheerleaders. During the early years of the Pike Place Market, Seattle's city planning limited its operating hours to just from 5:00 to 12:00, Monday through Saturday, and placed initial monitoring of the facility with the city's Department of Roads and Waterways. The local police provided vendor stalls to the farmers on the order of arrival. In 1910, two peasant associations set themselves up: the Washington Farmers' Association representing Japanese farmers; Other farmers are organized as the Association of White House Farmers. By 1911, demand for the Market had grown so much that the number of available kiosks had doubled, and extended northward from Pike Street to Stewart Street, doubling since the opening of the Main Arcade. The west side of the cage line was immediately covered in a canopy and a roof above it, known as a "dry line". The daily rent for each kiosk in 1911 was $ 0.20 per day.
Also in 1911, the City of Seattle created the first full-time job to support farmers and Market customers. The Market Inspector, his assistant, and the janitor were the first employees of Pike Place Market. The inspector, who was renamed the Market Master shortly after, assigned stalls to the farmers and collected their daily expenses. The first Markets Master, John Winship, started a lottery scheme to replace the first come first. To buy a lottery ticket for a kiosk, the farmer must pay the next day's fee before the time. The Pike Place market has many Japanese farmers, and Winship initially asks them to choose from the ticket rolls which makes it more likely they will receive vendor kiosks farthest from the heaviest customer traffic. After Japan and other farmers complained about the practice, he immediately stopped him to make sure the lottery was fair. In 1912, the Corner House building was completed, across the street from the Bartell Building, which would later become the Economic Market.
Master Markets and his assistants are also responsible for ensuring that farmers do not use questionable practices to their customers. Some farmers have burdened bags of products for scales with stones and pebbles, have tried to sneak unripe or rotten fruit into the purchase and, according to a customer, a butcher lets his hand "lovingly" each time he weighs the meat on the scales. Vendors who are caught cheating customers will be denied lease kiosk for a certain period.
Public Market & amp; Department Store Company was founded in 1911 by Goodwin to manage their Pike Place Market property. They began designing a series of expansions to their Market properties, including the North Arcade, which they planned to build a cliff along Pike Place. They plan to have all their building expansions arranged at any time at least ten feet from the sidewalk, to allow for extra space for vendors. At that time, the design, plans and visual appearances of the Market designed by Frank Goodwin were considered strange.
At the same time as Goodwin plans to expand the market dramatically, farmers are starting to complain about it. They want the cost of renting a kiosk per day cut from $ 0.20 to $ 0.10, which they receive. They complained about having to carry a snapping result from Western Avenue, and could not get a mechanical conveyor. Complaints about density are too constant. Farmers also want wooden floorboards erected just below the Main Arcade for storage. Quickly becoming unhappy with the lack of progress in the city, farmers used the new Washington State voting initiative system to get $ 150,000 of municipal bond issues for the improvements they wanted.
Seattle Mayor George Cotterill, an engineer, did not support some of the farmers' plans and the idea of ​​a large municipal bond. Cotterill appointed a committee to study the various demands and complaints of the peasants, and the committee came to the conclusion that the planned expansion of the floor and conveyor systems that farmers wanted would be unhealthy, difficult to maintain, and much more expensive than they projected. In response, Cotterill set up an alternative voting initiative, for a $ 25,000 municipal bond. The Cotterill initiative will produce Pike Place into a paved road rather than the current wooden path, extending sidewalks along the arcades at 15 feet (4.6 m), and will improve all sides of the Market road for carts and carts, putting everything under the roof. On March 13, 1913, Seattle voters rejected the farmers' initiative, and passed the mayor's initiative. The first major expansion work on the Market begins soon.
In 1914, driven by public initiatives in the previous year, Goodwin implemented the expansion plans they prepared for their Market property. The Main Arcade is expanded down, along the sharp cliffs of Pike Place to Western Avenue below, creating five additional downstairs floors in a huge "labyrinth" structure. By the time the expansion is complete, Pike Place Market is extended 240 feet (73 m) to the west, past the cliff edge. The new room was created for several restaurants, bakeries, creams, butchers, additional kiosks and a line at the bottom for farmers to sell their goods, wheat markets, public toilets, two floors dedicated to meat storage and produce, 100 stores retail, a theater, and printing factory. All expansion is done simply, apart from the scale. The basic design elements are steel and wooden beams, simple round metal fences, wooden staircases, and simple wooden flooring and tiles. Frank Goodwin wants to always emphasize Market products, rather than design. There, at that moment. small decoration, except the decoration columns at Pike and Pike Place entrances, and occasionally carving reliefs of seafood or production in various columns throughout the Market. Goodwin goes even further to exclude ceremonial ceremonies from Market design.
The last of the core buildings The market for the coming decade was acquired in 1916 by Goodwins, when they bought long-term leases at the Bartell Building on the corner of 1st Avenue and Pike Street. Renamed to Economic Market, it became an expansion into the Main Arcade, directly to the southeast. Frank Goodwin redesigned Bartell House's internal layout to include space for an additional 65 kiosk sellers, plenty of room for retail stores, and a full ballroom. Unlike original Main Arcade designs, Frank allows a more artistic design to be used in the Economic Market, with frescoes, electric signs, and even more designs used on columns in new expansions.
In 1917, with Americans taking part in World War I, more and more women began working at various stalls and shops in the Market when their husbands went to war. As the war progresses, Western Avenue's commission houses that have caused the creation of the Pike Place Market are declining, unable to compete directly with farmers. The net effect was nearing completion during World War I of the rampant price premiums of food. The Washington State government is keen to insure that such things will be prevented during the war for the benefit of its citizens. The Fisheries Commission was handed over to the Seattle city government, hatching dead salmon slaughtered for eggs and sperm to combat rising fish prices. The city created the city's Municipal Fish Market in Pike Place Market, cutting salmon costs by one-third. The city's fish-selling business would only last until the end of World War I, when it was stopped. In 1918, wanting to spend more time on his other business, Frank sold his stake in Pike Place Market to his brother Arthur, who controlled most businesses.
On February 6, 1919, almost all Seattle trade unions took part in the termination of employment. News of this began to spread a few days earlier in the local newspapers, which caused a panic run on the goods in the Market. Labor strikes affect the delivery of goods to the Market, and last for five days, where the Market is almost deserted. This will be the longest period in Pike Place Market history.
Throughout the early 1920s, business continued to boom at Pike Place Market. The north side of the Corner Market becomes a Sanitation Market, a food store, a butcher, a restaurant, and a bakery. Three Girls Bakery was opened, which will attract many people to watch their new automatic donut machine. The so-called "mosquito fleet", the predecessor of the modern Washington State Ferry system, will bring buyers from various islands in Puget Sound to shop, and Market traders begin bringing docks to islanders to buy directly when they see the ship approach. New ships will arrive in the middle of the morning, so islanders do not have the ability to get the best results at Market opening. Seeing opportunities, Hotel Dix, located north of Market, will offer special overnight rates for islanders allowing them to stay on land with an early wake-up call to compete with locals for the best items. To compete for all these customers, Market merchants began to organize their goods in a complicated pattern. The Liberty Theater, on First Avenue, employs officers to oversee the purchase of Market customers who pay matinee show prices while they shop more. This area became a social place, where young Seattle residents went to see and be seen. Children from an orphanage in Des Moines, Washington held a street concert on Saturday.
In September 1920, Seattle City Council secretly issued a regulation that farmers' stalls in the Market could no longer be placed on the road, in response to complaints from some local businesses about traffic flows. Public cries immediately followed from farmers, traders, and various groups of citizens. Visiting celebrities even plays a role in public debates, such as members of the Tiffany New York City family shopping in Markets, gaining farmers favorable press coverage. Amid the turmoil, the Westlake Market Company pushed itself into the situation, proposing that they would build a two-storey underground market in a building they owned on Fifth Avenue, four blocks from the existing Pike Place Market. The Goodwins, in response, proposed another reverse plan to utilize insurance bonds to finance other further expansions from the Markets. When the city government began to quickly rely on Westlake's proposal, farmers began to formally organize together for the first time to protect their interests. The Seattle City Council's decision that decided in April 1921 supported maintaining the location of the existing Market, and Goodwin immediately began work on subsequent expansions.
World War II era
At the time of the December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor bombing, many farmers selling at Pike Place Market were Japanese-Americans. The late Seattle historian Walt Crowley estimates that they may have as many as four-fifths of farmers selling products from kiosks. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Executive Order of 9066 on 19 February 1942, which eventually forced all Japanese Americans in an "exclusion zone" that included the entire West Coast and southern Arizona countries to the internment camps. On March 11, Executive Order 9095 created the Office of the Custodian of Foreign Recipients and granted it a plenary, discretionary authority over all foreign property interests. Many assets are frozen, creating immediate financial difficulties for affected foreigners, preventing most from getting out of the exclusion zone. Many Japanese Americans are effectively deprived.
Plan to destroy Market
In 1963, a proposal was made to destroy Pike Place Market and replace it with Pike Plaza , which would include a hotel, an apartment building, four office buildings, a hockey arena, and a parking garage. It is supported by the mayor, many in the city council, and a number of owners of the property market. However, there were significant public disagreements, including assistance from Betty Bowen, Victor Steinbrueck, and others from the board of Friends of the Market, and an initiative adopted on November 2, 1971 that created a historic preservation zone and returned the Market to the public. hand. Market Preservation and Development of Pike Market Authority (PDA) was created by the city to run the Market. During the 1970s, all historical buildings of the Market were restored and renovated using original plans and blueprints and suitable materials.
Battle for Market ownership
In the 1980s, federal welfare reforms suppressed market-based social services. As a result, a nonprofit group, Pike Place Market Foundation, was founded by PDAs to raise funds and administer free Market clinics, senior centers, low-income housing, and childcare centers. Also in the 1980s the wood floors in the upper arcade were replaced with tiles (thus preventing water damage to merchandise downstairs) laid by the PDA after staging a very successful capital campaign - one could pay $ 35 to have them name written on tile. Between 1985 and 1987, more than 45,000 tiles were installed and nearly 1.6 million dollars raised.
1983 Hildt Amendment or Hildt Agreement (named after Seattle City Councilor Michael Hildt) strikes a balance between farmers and craftsmen in workplaces. The agreement establishes a rule that will last for ten years from 1 August 1983, and it will be renewed in succession over a period of more than five years. The exact formula set for more than 15 years, and setting a precedent for today's allocations, therefore gives priority to craftsmen at North Arcade and farmers' priorities elsewhere.
Victor Steinbrueck Park
Victor Steinbrueck Park just north of the market at first is Market Park. From about 1909 the site held an armory, which was destroyed by fire in 1962. The land was taken over by the city in 1968, and the remnants of the armory were flattened. In 1970, the land was used for parking. The market The massively produced market was redesigned in 1982. After Steinbrueck's death in 1985, his name was changed after architects were instrumental in the preservation of the market.
Modern day
In 1998, the PDA decided to terminate the Hildt Agreement. While proposed new rules for allocating daystalls are generally seen as more favorable to farmers, there are farmers and artisans who object, especially since PDA time gives them little chance to study change. At the last meeting before the August 1 deadline, the PDA voted 8-4, to notify City of its intention not to renew the Agreement. The City Council did not accept the proposed replacement. The Council and the PDA renewed the 9-month Hildt agreement and the council agreed to a broad public review process in which the Constituency Market plays a major role.
Public meetings do not generate clear consensus, but provide enough input for city council member Nick Licata to compile a revised version of the Hildt Agreement. Adopted in February 1999, it was known as the Licata-Hildt Agreement. The bad blood produced by the conflict prompted auditing of PDA practices by the City Auditor; the audit is critical of the PDA because it sometimes violates the "spirit" of its Charter, but frees it from any wrongdoing.
Centennial
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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