1928 Summer Olympics (The Dutch: Olympische Zomerspelen 1928 ), officially known as the Games of IX Olympiad , is an international multi-sport event which is celebrated from 28 July to 12 August 1928 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The city of Amsterdam had previously bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympics, but was obliged to give way to war-torn Antwerp in Belgium for the 1920 Olympics and Paris Pierre de Coubertin for the 1924 Olympics.
The only other candidate city for the 1928 Games is Los Angeles, which will eventually be chosen to host the Games four years later. In preparation for the Summer Olympics of 1932, the United States Olympic Committee reviewed the costs and revenues of the 1928 Olympics. The committee reported a total cost of US $ 1,183 million with receipts of US $ 1.165 million, providing a negligible loss of US $ 18,000, which was a considerable increase during the 1924 Olympics.
Video 1928 Summer Olympics
Highlights
- This Olympics was the first not to be held under IOC Henri de Baillet-Latour.
- For the first time, the Olympic Flame was lit during the Olympics. The torch relay, however, will not happen until the 1936 Summer Games.
- For the first time, the nation's parade begins with Greece, which holds the Olympic origins, and ends with the host country, a tradition that continues today.
- The game was officially opened by Prince Hendrik, queen of Queen Wilhelmina, who had authorized him to represent him. This is the second time a head of state has not personally led the opening ceremony of the Olympics. The first in the 1904 match at St. Louis, Missouri, by David R. Francis, Mayor of St. Louis Louis. In the opposition he refused an offer by the head of state to do this, while the Queen refused because he was on holiday in Norway and did not want to interrupt his journey. The Queen was very angry at the organizing committee for not consulting her about the opening date.
- The athletic events are held on the 400-meter track, which then becomes the standard for athletic tracks.
- These games are the first to display a standard 16 day schedule, which is still being followed. Previously, the competition had been extended for several months.
- Johnny Weissmuller, who later appeared in several Tarzan films, won two gold medals in a swim.
- Finland's Paavo Nurmi won his ninth and final gold medal in the 10,000m race.
- Percy Williams Canada surprised everyone by winning the 100m and 200m event.
- South American football makes a definite breakthrough, as Uruguay defends its title by beating Argentina.
- India took its first gold in a field hockey sport, starting six consecutive golds in this sport.
- Mikio Oda from Japan won a double jump event with 15,21 meters (49 ft 11 inches), becoming the first gold medalist from Asian country.
- Boughera El Ouafi, an Algerian-born marathoner won a gold medal for France.
- Crown Prince then Olav, then King of Norway, was among the participants. He won a gold medal in sailing.
- Pat O'Callaghan won Ireland's first new free medal, taking gold in a hammer.
- Coca-Cola's first sponsor appearance at the Olympics.
- These games are the first to be named "Summer Olympic Games", to distinguish them from the Winter Olympics.
- Germany returned to the Olympics for the first time since 1912, after being banned from the 1920 and 1924 Olympics. The German team finished second in the medal count of 1928.
- Many cars are expected for the Olympics, but Amsterdam does not have a single parking space larger than 2,000 cars. So for visitors (foreign), a symbol is launched where they can park their car. As described in the Sumatra Post on May 4, 1928: blue round sign with white P. This will be a sign of international traffic for parking.
Maps 1928 Summer Olympics
Host city selection
Frederik van Tuyll van Serooskerken first proposed Amsterdam as the host city for the Summer Olympics in 1912, even before the Dutch Olympic Committee was established.
In 1916, the Olympic Games were canceled due to World War I. In 1919, the Dutch Olympic Committee abandoned the Amsterdam proposal to support their support of the bid for Antwerp as the host city for the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1921 Paris was elected for the 1924 Summer Olympics on condition that The 1928 Summer Games will be held in Amsterdam.
This decision, supported by the Dutch Olympic Committee, was announced by the International Olympic Committee on June 2, 1921. The decision was disputed by the Americans, but their request to allocate the 1928 Summer Olympics to Los Angeles was unsuccessful in 1922 and again in 1923.
Los Angeles was finally chosen as the host city for the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Sports
During the Summer Olympics, there are 14 sports, 20 disciplines and 109 matches in the tournament. In parentheses is the number of events per discipline.
Athletics and women's gymnastics team debuted at the Olympics, despite criticism. Polish Halina Konopacka became the first female athlete in the Olympics and field champions. Reports that a 800-meter run ending with some truly exhausted (and erroneous) competitors are outstanding. As a result, the IOC decided that women were too weak to run long distances, and women's Olympic running activities were limited to 200 meters until the 1960s.
Tennis disappeared from the program, only reappearing in 1968 as a demonstration sport.
Sports demonstration
- Kaatsen
- Korfball
- Lacrosse
The game also includes an art competition, which the IOC no longer considers as an official medal event.
Venues
Fourteen sports venues were used for the 1928 Summer Games. The Swim Stadium was destroyed in 1929 by becoming a temporary place. Het Kasteel was renovated in 1998-9. Monnikenhuize was destroyed in 1950. Schermzaal was destroyed. The Olympic stadium was renovated in 2007 and is still in use. The Old Stadium has been demolished and replaced by housing in the Amsterdam area.
Countries participating
A total of 46 countries are represented at the Amsterdam Olympics. Malta, Panama, and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) compete in the Olympics for the first time. Germany returned after being banned in 1920 and 1924.
Number of athletes by the National Olympic Committee
Medal Count
These are the top ten countries that won medals at the 1928 Olympics.
Poster
The official poster for the Olympics was designed by Jos Rovers, and 10,000 copies were made.
The poster featured a man running with a white shirt, against the background of the Olympic Stadium and the Olympic flag.
The IOC never managed to get the copyright of the image.
Therefore, beyond the practical considerations, the IOC has used different posters, with the German text of Olympische Spiele, and an athlete partially covered by the Dutch national flag, holding a leaf of peace in his hands.
This poster was made for a German book about the Amsterdam Olympics.
The last surviving competitor
The last surviving competitor of the 1928 Summer Olympics was Clara Marangoni, a 12-year-old Italian silver medalist during the Olympics.
He died January 18, 2018, at the age of 102. He is also the oldest surviving Olympic medalist at the time of his death.
See also
- 1928 Winter Olympics
- Summer Olympics
- the Olympics
- International Olympic Committee
- IOC country code list
References
External links
- "Amsterdam 1928". Olympic.org . International Olympic Committee.
- "Results and Medals - 1928 Summer Olympics". Olympic.org . International Olympic Committee.
- The Ninth Olympic Games. Amsterdam 1928. Official Report
- "Louis S. Nixdorff Diary, July 10-August 15, 1928"
- Memorabilia of the Ninth Olympic 1928 Amsterdam
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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