West Nusa Tenggara (Bahasa Indonesia: Nusa Tenggara Barat - NTB) is a province of Indonesia. It consists of the western part of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the exception of Bali which is its own province. Mataram, in Lombok, is the capital and largest city of the province. The 2010 census recorded a population of 4,496,855; the latest forecast (for January 2014) is 4,702,389. The province area is 19,708.79 km 2 . The two largest islands in the province are Lombok in the west and the larger Sumbawa island to the east. The islands of Flores and Sumba are part of East Nusa Tenggara.
Video West Nusa Tenggara
History
Pre-Islamic Period
Based on the analysis of prehistoric objects found (such as complex sarcophagus, pottery ornaments, machetes, and axes), indicates that West Nusa Tenggara was previously populated by people from Southeast Asia.
The original inhabitants of this region are called Sasak people, mostly living on the island of Lombok. Meanwhile, on the island of Sumbawa also indigenous population consists of two groups, namely ethnic Sumbawa (Samawa) and Bima. However, with waves of migrants from Bali, Makassar, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku and East Nusa Tenggara, indigenous people entered the farm and then lived in the interior.
The existence of this region can not be separated from the success of the 14th century Majapahit Empire which conquered all kingdoms both on Lombok Island and Sumbawa. In the book Negarakertagama by Empu Prapanca in 1365, it was written that Lombok Mirah and East Lombok were named Lombok Mirah and East Lombok called Sasak Adi, Taliwang, Dompo (Dompu), Sape, Sanghyang Api, Bhima (Bima), Seram (Seran) and Kedali Forest (Utan).
Islamic Period
In the early reign of kings in West Nusa Tenggara, the influence of Hindu religion was very strong. It can not be separated from the influence of Majapahit kingdom expansion into the region. But with the collapse of the Majapahit empire, Hindu influence began to diminish with the emergence of Islamic influence in coastal communities.
The emergence of the Demak Sultanate in Central Java had a major impact on the spread of Islamic teachings in West Nusa Tenggara. The influence of Islam in West Nusa Tenggara is generally carried by Malays. The influence of Islam in Bima can not be separated from the support of Raja I Maliingkaang Daeng-Mannyonriq from Makassar, later known as Karaeng Matoaya which plays an important role in the spread of Islam in the region.
The influence of Islam in the Sultanate of Bima emerged since the reign of King Manuru Salehi around 1605 and began to flourish during the reign of King Abdul Kahir. King Abdul Kahir is also known as Sultan Bima I, as he was the first king to convert to Islam in Bima, thus being considered a separatist with the previous king of Bima who converted to Hinduism. Islam became the official religion of kings in West Nusa Tenggara.
Colonial Period
The first Europeans to come to the land of Nusa Tenggara were the Portuguese who landed on the island of Solor and Timor 1605. At the same time the Dutch also came to the islands of Hitu and Ambon in Maluku. The first Dutch ship to enter the area was Ter Ver which docked in Kupang in 1611. The Dutch arrival caused a long dispute between the Portuguese and the Dutch in Nusa Tenggara. The Dutch provided assistance to local kings against the Portuguese. The Netherlands then expanded its influence in Nusa Tenggara, to make various arrangements with small kings around the island of Sumbawa.
The penetration of Dutch colonial administration that is so strong in Indonesia increasingly bring a real impact on the survival of Indonesian society in general. One result is very wide, in the eastern part of Indonesia, the Sultanate of Gowa began to decline in the supremacy of the 17th century. Gowa nobles who did not submit to the colonial government fled from Makassar and built resistance pockets in West Nusa Tenggara. To cope with such resistance, the colonial government began to concentrate power in West Nusa Tenggara. This is reinforced by the emergence of Lombok as international trade traffic, so the Dutch desire to govern the West Nusa Tenggara directly become real.
Faced with such a situation, the Dutch colonial government sent Stephen van Hegen to take a closer look at Bima's situation in 1660. The arrival of the Netherlands affected the political and economic situation in this region. In 1669, under the rule of the Kingdom of Bima led by Sultan Ambela Abdul Khair Sirajuddin, established a friendly and peace relationship with the colonial government with the contents of the agreement as follows:
- The Sultanate of Bima and Dompu will not attack Makassar
- To keep the peace, only members of the Dutch East Indies Company may visit the Bima area
- Bima and Makassar will not make any contact at all.
- Foreign traders from Europe, India, Java, Malaya, Arab, Aceh, and Champa may not trade with Bima except with special permission from the Dutch East India Company.
The agreement with Sultan Bima and Dompu must recognize the Dutch colonial existence. Since then, the Netherlands has sought to consolidate its control by blocking the port of Bima to prevent aid arrivals from Makassar or other foreign countries. The effort was done so that the existing ports in Bima and Lombok Island is considered strategic does not fall into the hands of England.
Dutch supremacy in this region is very strong, causing kings and people in the region unable to move freely. This condition became worse with the eruption of Mount Tambora on 5 April 1815, which shook the whole region and its consequences could be felt throughout Maluku, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra and Kalimantan. The eruption of Mount Tambora resulted in the loss of two kingdoms, namely Tambora and Papekat. More than 10,000 people were killed.
Independence
The existence of provincial status, West Nusa Tenggara does not come by itself. The struggle demanded the formation of West Nusa Tenggara Province lasted long enough. West Nusa Tenggara Province, had previously become part of the State of East Indonesia in the concept of the Republic of Indonesia, and became part of the small province of Sunda after the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty.
Along with the dynamics and after some time the process of changing the state system after the proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia, then formed the province of West Nusa Tenggara. With the enactment of Law no. 64 of 1958 On 14 August 1958 on the Establishment of the Autonomous Region of Bali, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara, the province was officially established and the first Governor of the province was AR. Moh. Ruslan Djakraningrat.
Maps West Nusa Tenggara
Geography
Terrain
West Nusa Tenggara has a landscape that can be divided into two kinds. The first is the island of Lombok with a fairly straight coastline, with the center to the eastern part of the mountains and lowlands of the east coast formed. The second is the island of Sumbawa with a grooved coastline because of many headlands and bays, with the central part covered with hills and limestone mountains
Selong (the capital of East Lombok regency) is a city that has the highest altitude, which is 148 m above sea level, while the lowest profit at 13 m above sea level. Of the seven mountains on Lombok Island, Mount Rinjani is the highest mountain with a height of 3.775 m, while Mount Tambora in Sumbawa is the highest mountain with a height of 2851 m.
Climate
Like other parts of Indonesia, the climate in NTB also has a tropical climate. Based on statistics from the meteorological institute, the maximum temperature in 2001 ranged from 30.9 Â ° - 32.1 Â ° C and the minimum temperature ranged from 20.6 Â ° - 24.5 & amp; degC. The highest temperatures occurred in September and the lowest in November. As a tropical area, NTB has a relatively high average relative humidity, which is between 48-95%.
West Nusa Tenggara has relatively little rainfall compared to western Indonesia. The maximum rainfall in the province occurred in January and the minimum rainfall occurred in August.
Economy
The area of ​​West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) has a very beautiful natural landscape, be it mountains or beaches. This has caused many tourists from other parts of Indonesia and other countries to flock to the province because of its stunning scenery.
In addition to beautiful panoramic attractions, food crops and horticulture developed and cultivated by the community are beneficial to farmers, including: soybeans, peanuts, maize, green beans, chili, onion, mango, banana and pineapple. In addition to nine types of commodities in the region, other horticultural commodities that can be developed are potatoes, carrots, apples, and wine.
As for fisheries, NTB Divides into 3 areas of fisheries development, namely:
- Lombok Island, with priority on developing marine aquaculture and freshwater fisheries, brackish water cultivation (pond), catching public waters;
- The western part of Sumbawa Island prioritizes the development of brackish water cultivation (tambak), marine aquaculture, capture, public waters and freshwater cultivation;
- The eastern part of Sumbawa Island with priority on the development of fishing, marine aquaculture, public waters, and freshwater cultivation.
West Nusa Tenggara is one of the main producers and suppliers of livestock and seeds for the needs of various regions in Indonesia. The carrying capacity of agribusiness based on animal husbandry, among others, the availability of cattle potential in quality and quantity, land resources, and animal feed, support all production, the pattern of pets as a group, is non-communicable diseases and the bank still has domestic and export market. NTB Cattle is a type of Bali cattle, which includes superior commodities of NTB and has a domestic and export market. In addition to cows and buffalo, and other supporting commodities are pigs, goats and horses, chickens, and ducks.
Administration
The province is administratively divided into eight districts (districts) and two municipalities (municipalities), which are listed below with their territories and residents at the 2010 Census and no later than 2014 ). ) Estimate:
The Indonesian government is currently considering the division of Nusu Tenggara Barat Province to make the province of Sumbawa separate. There is no information as to whether the remaining part of this province (ie the district consisting of Lombok Island) will then be renamed.
Population
Lombok is mainly inhabited by the Sasak ethnic group, with a minority of Bali's population, and Sumbawa is inhabited by Sumbawa and Bima ethnic groups. Each of these groups has a local language associated with it as well. The provincial population is 4,496,855 (at the 2010 census); 70.4% of the population lives in Lombok (in the 2010 census), which only has 22.9% of the area. The latest forecast (for January 2014) is 4,702,389. The province is considered one of the least developed of 33 provinces in Indonesia. In 2005, West Nusa Tenggara was reported as the area most affected by malnutrition and kwashiorkor. Life expectancy in West Nusa Tenggara which is only 54 years old is the lowest in Indonesia (69 years) and infant mortality rate is highest.
Religion
References
External links
- Media related to West Nusa Tenggara on Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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