London Stansted Airport (IATA: STN , ICAO: EGSS ) is an international airport located at Stansted Mountfitchet in Uttlesford district in Essex, 42Ã, mi (68Ã, km) northeast of Central London and 0.9Ã, mi (1.4 km) from the Hertfordshire border.
London Stansted currently serves more than 170 destinations across Europe, North Africa, Central and North America and more scheduled European destinations than any other airport in the UK. Stansted is the base for a number of low-cost European airlines, becoming the largest base for low-cost airlines Ryanair, with more than 130 destinations served by airlines. By 2015, this is the fourth busiest airport in the UK after Heathrow, Gatwick, and Manchester. The Stansted platform is also used by private companies such as Harrods Aviation, Titan Airways and XJet terminals which are private landholders capable of handling private flights, charter flights and country visits.
The airport is owned and operated by Manchester Airports Group (MAG), which also owns and operates three other UK airports. MAG agreed to purchase the airport from Heathrow Airport Holdings, formerly BAA, on January 18, 2013, and sales completed for Ã, Â £ 1.5 billion on February 28, 2013. BAA has been asked to sell the airport following a decision made by the Competition Commission in March 2009. In 2016 Stansted handles a record 24.3 million passengers.
Video London Stansted Airport
Overview
London Stansted Airport has one main passenger terminal, near the village of Stansted Mountfitchet. There are three passenger satellites where the departure gate is located; one connected to the main terminal by air bridge and the other two by the Stansted Airport Transit System driver.
The terminal building was designed by Foster Associates with input from structural engineer Peter Rice, and has a "floating roof", supported by a space frame from an inverted pyramid roof roll, creating the impression of a goose-style geese in flight. The basis of each skeletal structure is the "utility pillar", which provides indirect, direct light and is the location for air conditioning, water, telecommunications and electrical outlets. The airport layout is designed to provide a seamless flow for passengers to arrive at short-term car parks, move through the check-in hall, pass through security and head to the departure gates all at the same level.
From 1997 to 2007, Stansted saw the rapid expansion of the number of passengers behind the explosion in cheap air travel, peaking at 24 million passengers in the 12 months to October 2007, but passenger numbers declined in the next five years to 2012. Total passengers have increased, and in 2016 recorded an annual increase of 8.0% to 24.3 million, a record calendar year.
Maps London Stansted Airport
History
Second World War
The airfield opened in 1943 and was used during the Second World War as Mountfitchet RAF Stansted by the Royal Air Force and the United States Air Force Air Force as a bomber airfield and as a major maintenance depot. Despite the official name of Stansted Mountfitchet, the base was known as Stansted in both written and oral form.
The station was first allocated to the USAF Eighth Air Force in August 1942 as a heavy bomber air base. As well as the operational bomber base, Stansted is also an Air Service Command (ATSC) treatment and supply depot associated with major overhaul and B-26 modifications. After D-Day, this activity was transferred to France, but the base is still used as a storage area of ​​supply for aircraft support in the continent.
Postwar use
After the American withdrawal on August 12, 1945, Stansted was taken over by the Air Ministry and used by No. 263 Maintenance Unit, RAF for storage purposes. In addition, between March 1946 and August 1947, Stansted was used to accommodate German prisoners of war.
In November 1946, the newly established British cargo carrier, London Aero and Motor Services (LAMS), equipped with Ex-RAF Handley Page Halifaxes, moved to Stansted, using it as a basis for operations, until it finally ended in July 1948.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation eventually took over Stansted in 1949 and the airport was then used as a base by several British charter airlines. The US military returned in 1954 to extend the ground for possible transfer to NATO. The transfer to NATO was never realized, however, and the airport continued in civilian use, ending under the control of BAA in 1966.
During the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s the Fire Service Training School (FSTS) was based on the eastern side of the airfield under the auspices of the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, now the Civil Aviation Authority. The school is responsible for training all flight crew for the UK airfield as well as people from many countries abroad.
Commercial operations
Beginning in 1966, after Stansted was placed under the control of BAA, the airport was used by holiday charter operators who wanted to escape the higher costs associated with the operations of Heathrow and Gatwick.
In 1968-1971, the Commission for Third London Airports ("Roskill Commission") did not include Stansted as one of the four sites listed and recommended that Cublington in Buckinghamshire be developed as the third airport of London.
From the beginning, however, BAA and the British government plan to develop Stansted to the third airport in London, to reduce excess passengers at London Heathrow and Gatwick in the future. The first airport terminal building opened in 1969 and expanded the following year to deal with more passengers.
Since 1984 the airport capacity has been limited to a maximum throughput of 25 million passengers per year (25 mppa) in accordance with the recommendations made by the 1984 public inquiry and confirmed by the government on that day.
In 1984, the government approved a plan to develop Stansted in two phases, involving both airfield and terminal improvements that will increase airport capacity to 15 million passengers per year. The terminal building is currently designed by architect Norman Foster. Construction was done by John Laing and lasted between 1988 and 1991, costing Ã, Â £ 100 million. In 1990 was awarded the EU Prize for Contemporary Architecture/Mies van der Rohe Award. As part of the construction, a railroad branch was built into the airport, and the Stansted Airport railway station opened in 1991.
Long-term scheduled services began in the early 1990s when American Airlines operated a transatlantic service between Stansted and O'Hare International Airport, but the route was unprofitable and withdrawn in 1993. Continental Airlines also operated services in the late 1990s from Newark Liberty International Airport, but the service was stopped shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Remote services to the United States back in late 2005, when Eos Airlines and MAXjet Airways started all business class services from Stansted to New York-JFK Airport. In 2006, MAXjet expanded their services with flights to Washington, D.C., Las Vegas, and Los Angeles. American Airlines embarked on a daily flight to Stansted in October 2007 from New York-JFK and was initially expected to operate its second daily flight from April 2008. However, due to a spike in fuel prices, weakening economic performance and a worsening credit environment at the time, all three services The United States was suspended after the death of MAXjet Airways in December 2007 and Eos Airlines in April 2008. Finally, in July 2008, American Airlines withdrew from the airport.
Recent developments
Long-distance transatlantic operations made it back to Stansted in June 2010, when Sun Country Airlines announced a seasonal weekly service from Stansted to Minneapolis. The flight made a refueling stop at Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador as the aircraft used for that flight, a Boeing 737-800, would not be able to complete flights west from Stansted to Minneapolis. The flight was operated from June 11 to August 15, 2010. In 2011, Sun Country operated to Gatwick rather than Stansted and was subsequently terminated due to the price involved in bringing fuel on long haul flights.
Stansted also has scheduled flights and charters to Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver, but this flight to Canada has now stopped. Remote services to Asia began in March 2009 with low-cost airlines Malaysia AirAsia X providing direct flights to Kuala Lumpur; However, since October 24, 2011, this flight has been operating from Gatwick Airport.
The main expansion program to the existing terminal took place between 2007 and 2009, adding nearly 5,900 m 2 (64,000 sqÃ, ft) from the floorpace to make room for additional luggage carousel, immigration controls and a new passport hall and space arrival hypostyle with improved facilities.
In November 2006, the Uttlesford District Council rejected the BAA planning application to increase the number of permitted aircraft movements and to remove the passenger limit. BAA immediately appealed the public decisions and investigations that opened from May to October 2007. Inspector Planning Alan Boyland made his recommendations in January 2008. The recommendations were largely followed by the Secretary of State for Transport (Geoff Hoon) and the Secretary of State for the Community and Local Government (Hazel Blears), which jointly approved the appellant's appeal in October 2008. A series of legal challenges by the Stansted Community Expansion (SSE) community campaign group was rejected by the High Court during 2009.
In 2008, 57 people were arrested after Plane Stupid, a group of environmental activists, broke through obstacles and created a 'fortress' on a taxiway that resulted in 52 flights being canceled.
The Competition Commission decided in March 2009 that BAA must sell Gatwick Airport and Stansted within two years. The ruling was canceled within a year of appeals but later enforced. The Competition Commission reaffirmed its verdict in July 2011 that the airport was sold, and the Court of Appeal rejected an appeal by BAA on July 26, 2012. Given the result, BAA chose not to appeal to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. and confirmed on August 20, 2012 that the airport will be sold.
In 2017 Antonov Airlines opens British office in Stansted for charter charter flights, generally of a very large payload.
Infrastructure
Terminal and Satellite Buildings
Stansted is the newest passenger airport of all major London airports. The terminal is a rectangular glass building, and is separated into three areas: Main check-in and concourse along the front, left rear departure and Arrival at the rear just after entry. There is no gate in the main Terminal building; instead there are three separate oblong satellite buildings where the gates are located. The fourth satellite building is planned, in addition to an extension to the main terminal building, but never finished.
An additional building, known as the Advanced Passenger Vehicle (APV), has been re-used in 2016 for flights departing during the busy period of 6:00 to 8:00. The APV building is connected to the main terminal building with accessible routes and acts as a bus terminal for international flights in the long-range stands. Prior to the completion of Satellite 3, this terminal (later gate number 90-95) was used on a regular passenger basis.
Domestic arrivals use a separate exit route, located on the far left, when facing the main entrance. This exit is connected only to the bridge to Satellite 2. When a domestic flight arrives at a gate not located at Satellite 2, passengers are transported to the gate on Satellite 2 by a free bus service from the aircraft.
Car park and hotel
Stansted has various car parking spaces including Long, Mid and Short Stay options along with Valet and Meet and Greet Parking services. There are also two drop off areas available. The express area is located near a short car park while the free service is in the middle of the stay. Charges are charged for express service. Terminal Road North and the drop off area directly outside the terminal are closed immediately after MAG took over the airport in 2013. Since 2004, Stansted has also offered a variety of hotel accommodation including Holiday Inn Express, Premier Inn and Radisson Blu hotels and recently opened Hampton by Hilton , the latter two both within two minutes of the Terminal building through a secret passage. There is a regular bus service transfer between the Terminal building and the Stansted parking lot and hotel.
Control tower
The Stansted air traffic control tower was completed in 1996 and is one of the highest in the UK and is the highest at the time of its construction. It is located on the northeast of the airfield just south of the terminal building. It has a green glass that matches the windows in the satellite buildings. It replaces the old control tower, which offers a bad view of the airfield after the current terminal building opened in 1991.
Other Infrastructure
There are several cargo buildings and hangers around the airfield. The main cargo center is located in the control tower and handles most of the cargo operations, including aircraft such as the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and Boeing 747. There are a small number of hangars on the other side of the airstrip to other parts of the service. The largest is located to the northeast of the airfield, one of which is used by Ryanair.
Titan Airways has its headquarters in Enterprise House at the airport property. Some airlines at one time have their headquarters at the airport property. AirUK (then KLM uk) has its headquarters at Stansted House. When Buzz is there, its headquarters are in Endeavor House. When AB Airlines is there, its headquarters is in the Enterprise House. During the period, Lloyd International Airways has its headquarters at Lloyd House in Stansted. When Go Fly is headquartered in the Enterprise House.
Proposed developments
Leave the plan for the second runway
On March 11, 2008, BAA filed a planning application (titled "G2") to expand the airport by 3 m² (8 km 2 ) and for the construction of the runway and the second terminal, etc., in line with the recommendations in White Paper Air Transportation 2003 (ATWP). This will be the subject of a public inquiry and, if approved, will allow Stansted to handle more passengers than Heathrow did at the time of application.
In May 2010 BAA withdrew its plans to build a second runway at Stansted and drew plans to build a new platform at Heathrow.
ATWP has anticipated that the second runway will operate in 2011, but this date continues to slip. The 2008 BAA planning application is planned to start operating in 2015, and in 2009, BAA revised the anticipated opening date for 2017.
Prior to the May 2010 elections of Great Britain, the three major political parties pledged to disapprove of the second ground. Immediately after the election, the new government confirmed this, and BAA lifted its application for planning permission, having spent nearly £ 200 million preparing for public inquiry and buying property.
A public investigation into the BAA runway application was scheduled to begin on April 15, 2009 but delayed by State Secretary Hazel Blears to allow BAA and Government time to consider the implications of the March 2009 Competition Commission's decision that BAA must sell Stansted within two years. As 2011 is nearing its end, BAA is still attractive against the Competition Commission's decision. On August 20, 2012, after losing the case in the High Court, BAA agreed to stop opposing the Competition Commission's decision and sell Stansted.
On February 10, 2010, Foreign Minister John Denham, in an open letter, concluded that the investigation could not begin until after the General Election. In addition, he commented that the planning application document is almost two years old and will require an update. Finally, BAA is aware of the futility of pursuing G2 applications in the context of the new government policy and withdrawing it on May 24, 2010.
Stop Stansted (SSE) Expansion
The advocacy group Halted Stansted Expansion ("SSE"), formed in 2002 as a working group of North West Essex and the East Herts Preservation Association, in response to the Government's consultation on the expansion of the UK airport and, in particular, the expansion plans for the next Stansted Airport. defined in the White Air Travel Book of December 2003.
This is still an active campaign against what its members see as an unsustainable airport expansion. SSE was a key participant in the 2007 "G1" public inquiry and has committed to be a key participant in the anticipated investigation into the second 'G2' spur proposal. After the withdrawal of the G2 planning application, the group asked BAA to sell the purchased house to support the planned expansion.
In September 2012, as a result of pressure from the aviation industry, the Government established an Airport Commission, headed by Sir Howard Davies, to consider what, if anything, needs to be done to maintain British status as a global flight hub. The Commission concluded that an additional runway would be needed for South East England and that it should be added to Heathrow or Gatwick. After the elections of 2015, the Commission makes a final recommendation to expand Heathrow in accordance with certain environmental constraints.
Throughout 2013, the Airport Commission publishes discussion papers and invites submissions from key stakeholders on key issues to be considered. SSE made some thorough submissions. SSE also received an invitation to provide oral evidence and make presentations to the Commission on forecasting flight demand and connectivity at public evidence sessions held in Manchester in July 2013.
Rebuild terminal
MAG was announced on June 20, 2013 as part of a visit to the airport by the State Minister for Transport that will launch a £ 80 million terminal rebuilding program. MAG has invested Ã, Â £ 40 million and the rest is invested by other commercial partners. Rebuilding involves relocating the security area, doubling the number of seats and improving the display of information. The new Departure Lounge offers a food court, a number of new stores and the Escape Lounge, but the renovations have drawn strong criticism for the length of time it takes to walk through the shopping area to get to the departure gate.
Satellite One has also been redeveloped with the aim of attracting more long-haul freight to Stansted.
New Arrival Terminal
The arrival terminal will be built at London Stansted Airport, with construction starting in 2018, taking three years to complete. This site will include a larger reclamation and baggage collection area, with more shops and facilities available upon arrival to the UK. The current terminal will be reconfigured just for departure, with the security area to be expanded. The project is expected to cost Ã, Â £ 130 million, and once completed, will make London Stansted the only airport in the UK with special arrival and departure terminal buildings.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
The following airlines operate scheduled and regular charter flights to and from Stansted:
Cargo
Statistics
Development
In 1988, more than 1.1 million passengers passed through Stansted, the first time the annual passenger number has exceeded 1 million at the airport. The consistent year-to-year growth followed and in 1997 the total has reached more than 5 million, rising rapidly to nearly 12 million in 2000.
In 2007 the number of passengers reached almost 24 million, but then declined over 5 years and in 2012 a total of about 17.5 million. The increase of 2.2% was recorded in 2013 to 17.8 million passengers, then 11.7% in 2014 to 19.9 million, followed by 12.8% in 2015 to 22.5 million, and 8.0 % by 2016 with a total of 24.3 million making Stansted the fourth busiest airport in the United Kingdom. Stansted is also the main cargo airport, the third busiest airport in the UK during 2016, behind London Heathrow and the East Midlands Airport, handling more than 223,203 tons per year, although freight shipments have declined slightly from peak levels in 2005.
The number of passengers for the year to September 2016 increased by 8.4% to more than 24 million for the first time since 2007.
Traffic numbers
Busiest route
Ground Transport
Transit system
The Stansted Airport Transit System connects the terminals to the satellite buildings through an automatic 2km (3 km) automatic person redirect service that runs on a double concrete track. The system uses a mixture of Adtranz C-100 and Bombardier Innovia APM 100 vehicles to transport passengers to the departure gate. Unlike the similar Gatwick Airport transit, the Stansted transit is only accessible "airside" (ie only after passengers pass through security).
Train
The Stansted Airport railway station is located in the terminal building just below the main concourse.
Service to London is on the Stansted Express train to and from London Liverpool Street in Central London. This service operates every 15 minutes and travel time is usually about 45 to 53 minutes. Liverpool Street is served by Central, Circle, Hammersmith & amp; The city and the Metropolitan Line of the London Underground network, offering access to the rest of London. Stansted Express also contacts Tottenham Hale, for the Victoria Underground line and connections to destinations in North London and the West End. Some Stansted Express services also call Stansted Mountfitchet, Bishop's Stortford and/or Harlow Town en route to London Liverpool Street.
CrossCountry operates services from the airport to Birmingham New Street, through Cambridge, Peterborough, and Leicester, which runs every 60 minutes. Greater Anglia operates a local stop service to Cambridge.
Bus and trainer
Bus services or express buses are scheduled to walk to and from Stratford (45 minutes), Victoria Bus Station (75 minutes), Liverpool Street Station (55 minutes) and Golders Green (70 minutes) (all in London), cost about half the train fare but longer. The bus station is located next to the terminal building. National Express runs a scheduled but rarely scheduled coach service to the airport from Oxford as a JL737 service, takes about three hours, and service is hourly to and from Cambridge.
Local bus services operate to the nearest major community of 510/509/508 (Harlow to Stansted via Stansted Mountfitchet, Parsonage Lane and Takeley), 308 (Bishops Stortford to Stansted) running Sunday through Parsonage Lane. Villagelink 5 and 7 services are connected to many nearby villages. Free travel around the airport, on the grounds of a green travel plan instituted by BAA to reduce staff demands for parking spaces.
Stansted is also the beginning of the X30 coach service to Southend-on-Sea via Chelmsford and London's Southend Airport, operated by First Essex, this route runs every hour 24 hours a day.
Road
Stansted connects northeast of London and Cambridge with the M11 motorway and to Braintree, Colchester and Harwich by the A120, which is a traffic lane to Braintree. The distance to London is 37 miles (60 km).
As of October 1996, the airport had 2,500 short parking spaces within walking distance to the terminal. In addition, in the same month, the airport has more than 8,000 long living spaces located near the M11 motorway and the A120 intersection. Free bus service connects long stay spaces to terminals. The airport also offers mid-stay parking, closer to the terminal than the long living room. Stansted Airport also offers valet parking and a meet and greet service similar to valet but is marketed more in recreational travelers. market, both run from a short car park
Incidents and accidents
Stansted has been appointed by the British Government as the preferred airport for any hijacked plane that requested a landing in Britain. This is because the design allows hijacked aircraft to be isolated away from terminal buildings or runways, allowing the airport to continue operating while negotiations are made, or even when an attack or rescue mission is carried out. For this reason Stansted has been involved in more piracy incidents than might be expected for an airport of his size. On 27 February 1982, Air Tanzania Boeing 737-2R8C landed at the airport after being hijacked on an internal flight from Mwanza to Dar Es Salaam and flown to England via Nairobi, Jeddah and Athens, where two passengers had been released. The hijackers demanded to speak with the exiled Tanzanian opposition politician Oscar Kambona. This request was given and after 26 hours on the ground the hijackers surrendered and the passengers were released.
See also
- List of airports in the United Kingdom and British Crown Dependencies
- List of Royal Air Force stations
References
Quote
Bibliography
- Freeman, Roger A. (1994) UK Airfields of the Ninth: Then and Now. After Battle ISBN: 0-900913-80-0
- Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Fighting World War II Units. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Air Force History Office. ISBNÃ, 0-89201-092-4. #
- Aircraft Serial Number USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF - 1908 to present
- Stortford Herald Bishops' newspaper, April 26, 2007.
- Ritchie, Berry (1997). Good Builder: The Story of John Laing . James & amp; James.
- Wright, Alan J. (February 1978). "The Stansted Sage". The aircraft is illustrated . 11 (2): 69-75.
External links
Media related to London Stansted Airport on Wikimedia Commons
London Stansted Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Official website
- Airport information for STN
- Diagram for STN/EGSS
- Stansted Airport Consultancy Committee
- Recent operation report for EGSS from Aireport
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments