Fort Lewis is a US military facility located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) southwest-southwest of Tacoma, Washington, under the jurisdiction of the United States Army Garrison Base, Joint Base Lewis-McChord. It was merged with the United States Air Force McChord Air Force Base on February 1, 2010 to Joint Base as a result of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommendation.
Joint Base Lewis-McChord is a training and mobilization center for all services and is the only army projection base in the west of the Rocky Mountains. Its geographical location provides quick access to the deep water ports of Tacoma, Olympia, and Seattle to deploy equipment. Units can be deployed from McChord Field, and individuals and small groups can also use the nearby Sea-Tac Airport. The strategic location of the base provides an Air Force unit with the ability to conduct humanitarian combat and air transport with C-17 Globemaster III.
Video Fort Lewis
Garrison Basis Bersama
The Combined Base Garrison operates the installation on behalf of an extended war unit, family and military community that relies on JBLM for support. The mission of this unit is to provide support to the mission commander and community base base, to serve as an enabler for the soldiers as they train and project American combat forces, and make JBLM the preferred station for American soldiers and their families.
With the commander of the Army's joint base and the deputy commander of the Air Force base, the garrison supports installations through directorates and agencies providing city services and quality of life functions; ranging from maintenance of facilities, recreation and family programs to training support and emergency services.
The major organizations that make up most of the Combined Garrison Base include:
- Directorate of Public Works: Logistics
- Family and Spirit, Welfare, and Recreation
- Human Resources; Emergency Services
- Plan and Security Training and Plans
Additional staffing offices supporting the installation mission including the Joint Chiefs of General Affairs Office, Religious Support Office, Resource Management Office, Equal Employment Opportunities, Safety Offices and Plans. Office of Analysis and Integration_ Other partners who work closely with the Combined Garrison Base include Civil Servant Advisory Centers, Mission Command and Contract Installation and Shared Personal Property Sharing Offices.
Three military units support the Garrison Joint Base
- First Joint Mobilization Brigade
- Provides command and control and host unit support to mobilize, deploy and demobilize backup component units from all military services.
- 627 Air Base Group
- Provide command and control and administrative oversight to the Aviator who performs installation support tasks on behalf of the garrison.
- Company Headquarters and Headquarters, Garrison Base Together
- Providing administrative oversight to Army personnel in the garrison and supporting newly arrived soldiers during their processing.
JBLM soldiers receive medical care through Madigan Health System facilities above such as Madigan Army Medical Center, Okubo Clinic, and Nisqually Clinic. JBLM Airmen received medical treatment at the McChord Clinic as well as Madigan Army Medical Center.
JBLM Main and JBLM North
JBLM has more than 25,000 soldiers and civilian workers. It supports more than 120,000 military retirees and more than 29,000 family members who live both inside and outside the post. The right Fort Lewis contains 86,000 acres (350Ã, kmÃ,²); Yakima Training Center includes 324,000 acres (1,310Ã, kmÃ,²).
Main JBLM & amp; North has a high-quality, close-in training area, including 115 direct fire ranges. Additional training rooms are available at the Yakima Training Center in eastern Washington, including the area of ​​maneuvering and additional live fires.
In 2009, the former Fort Lewis Regional Correction Facility was renamed and named North Regional Regional Correctional Facility (NWJRCF). This facility houses the minimum and intermediate security prisoners of all branches of the US Armed Forces.
Also adjacent to the post is Camp Murray (Washington National Guard).
Maps Fort Lewis
Overview
Fort Lewis, named after Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark expedition, is one of the largest and most modern military reservations in the United States. Consisting of 87,000 hectares (350Ã, kmÃ, ²) grassland cleared from the Nisqually Glacier plain, it is a major military installation in the northwest and is the most requested task station in the army.
History
Fort Lewis was originally founded in 1917 with part of the size of the Pierce County bonds to buy 70,000 acres (280Ã, km 2 ) of land to donate to the federal government for permanent use as a military installation. A portion of the initial land was taken from the reservation of the Nisqually tribe. In 1927, Pierce County passed another binding action to establish a military airfield north of Fort Lewis. The airfield, called Tacoma Field, opened in 1930 and renamed McChord Field in 1940. McChord Field was separated from Fort Lewis when the US Air Force was formed in 1947 and later renamed the McChord Air Force Base. Both bases operate independently of each other for more than 60 years before joining in 2010.
Fort Lewis started as Camp Lewis in 1917 when Pierce County residents voted with an eight to one margin to commit themselves to $ 2 million to buy 68,721 acres (278 km²) from the ground. They donate the land to the federal government for military use. The only provision is that the treaty is used as a permanent military post. Captain David L. Stone and his staff arrived at the camp site May 26, 1917, and a few days later the initial construction began. While working in the camp pushing forward, the War Department was named Camp Lewis after Meriwether Lewis of Lewis and Clark Expedition. The whole camp is ready to be occupied one month ahead of schedule. Within 90 days, Stone has overseen the construction of the "city" of 757 buildings and 422 other buildings, all lit and heated for 60,000 people. The first recruits moved to his new barracks on September 5, 1917, exactly two months after the building plan was left to the contractor.
When they apply a new barrack auction, workers subscribe $ 4,000 to build the main gate - which is still standing. The arch is built of badminton and wooden blocks that resemble old fortified houses that stand in the northwest as a fortress. Around 60,000 people, including Divisions 13 and 91, moved to a hastily constructed barracks to be trained for World War I. Massively recruited from the northwest, the 91st was considered "Washington's Own." In 1917, Pierce County, through a process of punishment (leading domain), took 3,370 hectares (13.6 km 2 ) from Nisqually Indian Reservation (14 kms) to Fort Lewis Military Reserve.
The next two years saw extraordinary activities at Camp Lewis when men were mobilized and trained for war services. Thousands of young people learn to know Camp Lewis and the state of Washington. With the end of the war, activity at Lewis became stuck. Camp Lewis graduated from Pierce County and belonged to the federal government when the 62,432 acre (253 kmÂ) deed was listed at the county auditor's office in Tacoma.
Brigadier General David L. Stone, who had overseen the original construction of Fort Lewis as captain, returned as commander-general in 1936, serving until 1937. The army airfield project, which later became the McChord Air Force Base, just north of the Fort Lewis installation, received approval as a WPA project in January 1938, and $ 61,730 earmarked for construction. Allocations are provided to clean, rate, and flatten the 6,000 foot (1,800 m) runway length of 600 feet (180 m) wide.
From 1942 to 1943, forty-two Japanese, German, and Italian Americans were arrested at Fort Lewis as part of the government's "foreign enemy" internment program during World War II. The Japanese and Italian internees were transferred to Fort Missoula and Germany to Fort Lincoln, and the temporary detention facility closed on 30 March 1943.
At the end of World War II, the area of ​​the northwest area of ​​Fort Lewis became the center of separation and released its first army in October 1945. Once in the early 1960s Interstate 5 was built through a fortress that separated the northwest corner of the fort, and created "Northfort". With the departure of the 4th Infantry Division (United States) for Vietnam in 1966, Fort Lewis once again became a center for transfer and training of personnel. In 1972, the 9th Infantry Division (United States) was reactivated, and trained there until its decommissioning in 1991.
Fort Lewis Military Museum was founded in 1972 to preserve and document the history of the writing.
The base received much media attention after the Kandahar massacre, carried out by Fort Lewis soldiers in March 2012.
Main unit
The United States Army Corps I ordered most of the Army units at Joint Base Lewis-McChord and undertook planning and relationships with other active component units and reserves assigned in the United States. It is one of four corps headquarters in the active Army, and one of three based in the continent of the United States. I Corps has been designated as one of the active Army contingent corps. I Corps remains ready to spread short notices around the world to order up to five joint divisions or task forces.
Since I Corps was assigned to Fort Lewis in 1981, soldiers from his unit have participated in Operation Just Cause in Panama, Desert Shield and Desert Storm during the Persian Gulf War, Operations Providing Comfort for Kurdish Refugees, Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. They assisted with the restoration of order after the riots in Los Angeles, participating in Operation Safe Harbor at the Guantanamo Bay NAS, Cuba, for Haitian migrants, supporting relief efforts after Hurricane Andrew in Florida and Hurricane Iniki in Hawaii, and played an important role in Operation Restore Hope in Somalia and in restoring peace in Kosovo.
I Corps also contributed to the command structure of Operation Desert Storm with the commander of I Corps, Lieutenant General Calvin Waller, and commander of Deputy I Corps, Major General Paul Schwartz, assisted General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, commander of American troops and overall commander of Coalition Forces in Operation Desert Storm. January 15, 2003, marks the 85th anniversary of the activation of the American Armed Forces Corps in NeufchÃÆ'Â ¢ teau, France. The Corps assumed tactical responsibility for troops who fought on the Western Front July 4, 1918. My Corps participated in battles during the Aisne-Marne Attacks, St Mihiel Attacks and the Battle of Meuse-Argonne. After World War I, I Corps was dissolved in Tonnerre, France in 1919.
In 1981, I Corps reactivated at Fort Lewis. On October 12, 1999, General Eric K. Shinseki, Army Chief of Staff, announced I Corps would lead the accelerated transformation of the Army, the initial training and creation of the first two Stryker Brigade Combat Teams at Fort Lewis.
Since September 11, 2001, the assets of I Corps and Fort Lewis have been active in providing support for Global War on Terrorism operations, including Operation Noble Eagle (Internal Defense), Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
On February 5, 2004, Task Force Olympia was activated, as a sub-element of I Corps headquarters with a mission to order units deployed forward in Iraq. This marks the first time that the Corps I has led the army in combat since the end of the Korean War. Task Force Olympia includes units from all three components of the Army (Active, Reserve and National Guard) as well as Marine and Australian officers. The Olympia subordinate task force units included the Stryker 3d Brigade Combat Team, 2d Infantry Division, deployed to Iraq on November 8, 2003, and returned to Fort Lewis after a year of combat duty, and the 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division, Fortress. Lewis on September 15, 2004, for one year and returned September 2005. On June 1, 2006, the 1st Brigade, the 25th Infantry Division used color and became the 2nd Cavalry Regiment - the Stryker Brigade Combat Team with its home station in Germany. A new unit later showed no new designation colors on June 1, 2006 - 4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division.
The subordinate units assigned to Fort Lewis are:
JBLM Main and JBLM North
JBLM has more than 25,000 soldiers and civilian workers. It supports more than 120,000 military retirees and more than 29,000 family members who live both inside and outside the post. The right Fort Lewis contains 86,000 acres (350Ã, kmÃ,²); Yakima Training Center includes 324,000 acres (1,310Ã, kmÃ,²).
Main JBLM & amp; North has a high-quality, close-in training area, including 115 direct fire ranges. Additional training rooms are available at the Yakima Training Center in eastern Washington, including the area of ​​maneuvering and additional live fires.
In 2009, the former Fort Lewis Regional Correction Facility was renamed and named North Regional Regional Correctional Facility (NWJRCF). This facility houses the minimum and intermediate security prisoners of all branches of the US Armed Forces.
During the summer months (June, July, August), JBLM North hosts the Lead Development and Evaluation Course, the capstone program for the US Army ROTC program.
Also adjacent to the post is Camp Murray (Washington National Guard).
Yakima Training Center
Yakima Training Center is the main sub-installation of JBLM, and provides various training ground and ranges for active and reserve component units. Covering over 320,000 hectares (1,300 km 2 ), YTC is a world-class facility.
The training center is a tall desert, and covered with bushes, volcanic formations, dry hyacinths, and outcroppings. YTC has a wide flat valley that is separated by intervening mountains adapted to large-scale mechanical or motor strengths. Most of the steeper regions resemble the territory of Afghanistan. Twenty-five ranges, including the latest Multi-Purpose Variety Complex and House Shoot, are available for individual or collective training.
Prior to 1941, the area consisted of farms and several dispersed silica mines. Just before World War II, the Army's need for training and great maneuvers became clear, and the Army negotiated with the landowner to hire 160,000 acres (650 km 2 ) for the Yakima Anti-Aircraft Artillery Range. Military organizations in the Pacific Northwest use centers for long range test and small units. The first span was built in 1942 at Umtanum Ridge, 13 miles (21 km) northeast of the cantonment region today.
In 1947, about 60,000 acres (240Ã, km 2 ) were cleared of unexploded ammunition and returned to their original owners. During 1949 and 1950, the state of Washington used a summer training center for the National Guard unit and regular Army troops were permanently assigned to the center. At the beginning of the Korean War, the Army decided to expand the Yakima Training Center. In 1951, the installation was enlarged to 261,451 hectares (1,058.05 km 2 ) and the construction of the cantonment area is now started.
In 1986, further expansion began, and in 1992, the Army obtained additional land to enlarge YTC to 327,000 hectares (1,320 km 2 ). The Multi-Purpose Variety Complex opened in 1989, and Shoot House and Urban Assault Course opened in 2005. YTC has an AAFES shoppette, recreation center and gymnasium available to soldiers and their families. The Firing Point community club, with cafeteria, opened in February 2009.
Gray Army Airfield
Gray Army Airfield (ICAO: KGRF ), is a military airport located in Fort Lewis. The field was named in honor of Captain Lawrence C. Gray, who lost his life during a free balloon flight on the field on November 4, 1927. It was used by Army helicopters.
The airborne-based helicopters were assisted by medical evacuations in Mount Rainier National Park on numerous occasions in the 1970s. Military helicopters are also used to include search and rescue SAR [SAR] teams into inaccessible areas on the eastern, northern, and western sides of the mountain, lowering the forest guard to the ground by means of cables known as "forest penetrators". Helicopters began assisting with high-altitude SAR (above 10,000 feet) in the 1980s. Helicopters are also used for "short-range" rescue operations, in which a ranger and litter is carried in a sling under a helicopter to the scene of an accident.
During World War II, the Air Force Command Air Force 4131 Air Force Unit used GAAF as the CONUS hub for the Alaska West Coast Wing, transporting supplies, equipment and aircraft to the Eleventh Air Force at Elmendorf Field, near Anchorage. Also used by Air Service Technical Command as depot maintenance and supply of aircraft; mainly to serve aircraft delivered to Alaska. The Air Force's Air Force closed its facilities in 1947.
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, CDP has an area of ​​15.9 square miles (41.2 km²), where, 15.3 square miles (39.6 km²) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²²) from the water. The total area is 3.78% water. The military base, as stated earlier, is much larger than the CDP defined by the Census Bureau.
Fort Lewis Field is primarily a mixture of lush conifer forests and Puget prairie-garry oak forests. The brooms invasive broom has taken over many areas. The scenery is very rocky from the melt water deposit. Poisonous oak trees are found in the training area. Canada Thistle thrives in some areas. All trees should be left standing; posting policy prohibits cutting or trimming them.
Temperatures during the summer vary from mid-40s in the evening to mid-70s during the day, sometimes peaking over 90 ° F (32 ° C). Although July and August are the driest months.
Fort Lewis, due to its size and reserve land, serves as an important habitat for amphibian development and studies.
Demographics
The census designated place (CDP) Fort Lewis is located inside the installation area. In the 2000 census, CDP, which included the most densest part of the base, had a total population of 19,089.
In the 2000 census, there were 19,089 people, 3,476 households, and 3,399 families living in the base. Population density is 1,248.5 persons per square mile (482.0/km ²). There are 3,560 housing units with an average density of 232.8 per square mile (89.9/km²). The basic racial makeup is 60.4% White, 20.3% African American, 1.4% Native Americans, 3.4% Asia, 1.8% Pacific Island, 6.2% of other races, and 6.4 % of two or more races. 13.1% of the population is Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 3,476 households in which 85.8% had children under 18 living with them, 89.3% were married couples living together, 6.6% had non-husbands female households, and 2.2% were not family. Of all households, 2.0% consists of individuals and 0.0% has a person who lives alone aged 65 years or older. The average household size was 3.75 and the average family size was 3.78.
The age distribution was 32.1% under the age of 18, 28.0% from 18 to 24, 37.5% from 25 to 44, 2.0% from 45 to 64, and 0.4% 65 years or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 women, there are 168.3 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 212.5 men. All these statistics are typical for military bases.
The average income for households on base is $ 32,384, and the average income for families is $ 32,251. Men have an average income of $ 20,878 versus $ 20,086 for women. The per capita income for base is $ 12,865. 8.2% of the population and 7.1% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 10.7% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those aged 65 and older live below the poverty line.
See also
- Monument Division 91
References
Further reading
- Alan Archambault. Fort Lewis , Arcadia Publishing, 2002. ISBNÃ, 0-7385-2051-9.
External links
- Joint homepage of Lewis-McChord Homepage
- Lewis-McChord Base History
- United States Armed Forces Environmental Command
- House of the 3rd/2nd Brigade Division
- The 5th/2nd Brigade Sites of the Infantry Division
- The 42nd Military Police Brigade Site
- BRAC 2005: Closing, Rearranging to Reshape Infrastructure
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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