Forsyth County is a county in the northern central state of the US state of Georgia. In the 2010 census, the population was 175,511. The county seat is cumming.
Forsyth County is one of the fastest growing areas in the United States, stimulated by its proximity to Atlanta and its appeal as a commuter base for people working there. The entry of high-income professionals has dramatically increased average income; in 2008
In the 1980s, the county attracted the attention of the national media as a venue for massive demonstrations of civil rights and counter-demonstrations. The committee hopes to remove the image of the region as a sunken city; the whites had expelled the blacks in 1912 and had been hostile to minorities for decades ever since. Thousands of demonstrators on both sides came from outside the region; Officials keep the peace with police officers and National Guards protecting the event.
From 2007 to 2009, this region received national attention due to severe drought. Water supply for the Atlanta and downstream areas of Alabama and Florida is threatened. This followed more severe droughts in 2007 and 2008, and floods in 2009. Floods occur in 2013, and severe droughts by 2016. Georgia, Alabama and Florida have been in a three-state water dispute since 1990 over stream-sharing water from Lake Lanier, which forms the eastern border of the county and is governed by the Army Corps of Engineers as a federal project.
Video Forsyth County, Georgia
History
Before the European contact
For thousands of years, various indigenous cultures lived in this area along the Etowah River. Beginning towards the end of the first millennium, the Mound Builders of Mississippian culture settled in this area; they built a mound structure near Etowah in the current Bartow County area, and a large community along the Etowah River in neighboring Cherokee. They disappeared around 1500 BC.
Members of the Iroquo-speaking Cherokee Nation migrate to the area from the North, possibly from the Great Lakes region. They settled in the territory that would become Forsyth County and across the top of Georgia and Alabama, also had settlements or cities in present-day Tennessee and western North Carolina.
19th century
After the discovery of gold by European Americans in the surrounding area in 1829, many settlers moved into the area. They are increasing pressure on state and federal governments to ask Cherokee and other Native Americans to be moved west of the Mississippi River, to quell their land claims and make land available for purchase. The Cherokee was forced to move during the so-called Trail of Tears.
Forsyth County was named after John Forsyth, Georgia's Governor from 1827-1829 and Secretary of State under President Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren. Over the years, many of these hill countryes are planted by mere farmers, with few or no slaves.
20th century
The population of about 10,000 is 90 percent white in the early 20th century, and the population still relies on agriculture. More than 1,000 "blacks" including 440 people classified as mixed race on the census, show a sustained history of mixing races dated to the times of slavery.
Lynching and other violence pushing blacks from the county
After two different incidents in September 1912, in which black men allegedly raped white women, tensions escalated in the area. In the first case, a black preacher was attacked by a white man for showing that a victim suspected of having a kinship with a black man. The sheriff received support from the governor, who sent more than 20 National Guard troops to keep the peace. The suspects in the first case never tried, because of lack of evidence.
In the second case, five suspects were arrested and detained in Cummings prison. Hordes of 4,000 white killers stormed the state prison of Cumming and dragged out-and-so. They shot him and hung his body in the town square. The woman rape victim died two weeks after being attacked. The charges against two of the four suspects held in the second case were dropped after a plea bargain. But two black boys under the age of 18 were quickly convicted by all white jurors and executed by hanging. The whites then harass and intimidate blacks in Forsyth and neighboring countries. Within a few weeks, they forced most blacks to leave the area for fear of their lives, loss of land and personal property never found.
Almost everyone from 1,098 African Americans Forsyth - prosperous and poor, educated and unfinished - was expelled from the area. It only takes a few weeks. Harmful residents hold weapons, dynamite sticks, kerosene bottles. Then they stole everything, from farmland to tombstone.
Forsyth County remained white until the 20th century. A black man or woman can not so much pass without running out.... During the 1950s and 60s, there was no colored fountain in the courthouse or the "white man" in the county seat, Cumming; there is no black population to be separated.
In 1987, the county was "all white". In 1997, African Americans numbered only 39 in the 75,739 population.
Then the 20th century
During the 1950s, with the introduction of the poultry industry, the district had stable economic growth but most remained in rural areas and all the whites. Georgia State Route 400 was opened in 1971 and eventually expanded through the county and to the north; it stimulates population growth as residential housing is developed in the area and becomes a bedroom community for people working in Atlanta, who have expanded employment opportunities. The opening of the Georgia State Route 400 also spurred industrial growth in the southwestern part of the county, beginning in the early 1970s.
By 1980, the population of the area was 27,500, growing to 40,000 in 1987. While some blacks were working in areas in new industries, nobody lived there. The district gained over 30 new industries from 1980 and low unemployment rates. Such growth yields average, previously low income, "rising faster than in other parts of Georgia." A small civil rights march by African Americans in the Cumming county seat in January 1987 was attacked by people who threw rocks, dirt, and bottles. A week later, a larger march took place, with civil rights activists going from Atlanta to Cumming protected by police and National Guard. Thousands of protesters joined the counter demonstrations. Locals say conditions have improved for the minority, but white people seem to react to the march for fear.
21st century
Forsyth County continues to be developed for subdivisions, industries and related businesses. In 2008, it has been ranked for several years among the top ten fastest growing countries in the United States. Many new subdivisions have been built, some around quality golf courses. The county's proximity to Atlanta and the Blue Ridge mountains, and bordering Lake Sidney Lanier of 37,000 acres (supergier) 2 ), has attracted many new residents. More than 60% of residents currently live elsewhere in 1987 or have not been born.
The growth has weighed on the water supply, especially during the drought in the 21st century. Sub-urban growth has greatly increased water consumption in the area to nurture lawns and gardens, and supply new households. The region suffered severe droughts in 2007-2008 that threatened water supplies downstream in Alabama and Florida, in addition to Atlanta, in 2013 and 2016. The ban on outdoor water use was carried out, and the area has encouraged the conversion of toilets and appliances to those who use less water. The severe drought in southern Forsyth County was declared at the end of June 2016. Several regional organizations are working to plan growth that can maintain a high quality of life in the area.
Racial history
The changing dynamics between blacks and blacks after the Civil War resulted in tension throughout the southern United States as white people sought to maintain dominance. They use violence to intimidate black voters and regain control of the state legislature, ending the Reconstruction. At the turn of the 20th century, white Democrats dominated the Georgian legislature and passed laws that increased barriers to voter registration and voting, effectively removing the majority of blacks in the state. Unable to vote, they are also excluded from the jury. White legislators passed racial segregation and other Jim Crow laws. Racial tension increases as rural workers begin to move to industrial cities. The white man fought against blacks in Atlanta in 1906, causing more than 20 people to die.
Racial violence broke out in Forsyth County in September 1912, following allegations of sexual assault by black men of white women.
Forsyth County has a populated area with a minority of ethnic Africans. The 1910 Census recorded 10,847 white, 658 black, and 440 mulattoes (mixed race), making the number of blacks a little over 10% (as classified under the Southern binary system that classifies all people of every African descent as Negro or black). They tend to work as revenue-sharing farmers, with some women working as domestic servants, and struggling with poverty.
In early September 1912, a white woman said she was the victim of attempted rape by two black men, but they left before she was injured. On September 7, 1912, police arrested five black men in connection with the attack, including Tony Howell and Isaiah Pirkle. That same afternoon, members of black churches gathered for barbecue outside the Cumming county seat. Pastor Grant Smith was heard to question the alleged victim, saying that perhaps he had been caught and lied about what a consensual relationship was with a black man. (Mixed race populations in the regions show that whites and blacks have a relationship, mostly among white men and black women or racial mixtures, which white people try to treat as secrets.) Whites beaten a horse outside the courthouse, where he was rescued by police and taken into custody for his safety.
They locked him in the courthouse for safety. Rumors spread on both sides; The white skin says that blacks threaten the dynamite of the city. Whites flock to a lynch group of 500 people (when Cumming has only a total of 300 inhabitants), with people coming to join from the surrounding area. They talked about the humiliation of blacks detained in prison. At 01.30, the Sheriff represented 25 people and asked for the Governor's help, who ordered 23 National Guards from Gainesville, Georgia.
The next day, September 8, Mae Crow, a 19-year-old white woman, was attacked in a nearby community as she walked to her aunt's house. He was pulled into the forest and attacked. According to later testimony, he was raped by Ernest Knox, a 16-year-old man working as a rented laborer on his neighbor's farm. Knox is said to have told friends about the incident: Oscar Daniel (17), his sister Trussie (Jane) Daniel (21), and his girlfriend Rob Edwards (24), who also went to the scene. They left the girl, thought she had died and became afraid to get involved. Crow was found the next day by a search party; White then said that he had regained consciousness for a while and named Knox as his attacker, but no newspaper reported this. A small hand mirror found at the scene was recognized as Knox's; The police used it to link it to crime and arrested him that morning. Police said he admitted fully. Due to problems two days earlier in Cumming, they took Knox to jail in Gainesville. Hearing threats from the mobs of criminals there, officials transferred him to jail in Atlanta.
The next day, Knox's friends were arrested in connection with Mae Crow's attack. Oscar Daniel and Rob Edwards were suspected of rape, and Trussie Daniel was arrested for not reporting crime and as an accomplice. Ed Collins, a black neighbor, was appointed and detained as a witness. They were held in a small Cumming prison. The Atlanta Journal reported that Sheriff Reid was driving through a pack of 2,000 people to bring the suspect to jail.
Within hours of September 9, the white mass increased to 4,000, which raided the prison. Reid's Sheriff was not there, having strategically left Mitchell Lummus alone to protect the prisoners. Vice Lummus hid most of them, but Rob Edwards was shot and killed by mobs while still in his cell. They dragged him out, mutilated him, and dragged his body behind the train, before hanging it from a telephone pole in the northwest corner of Square. The coroner's coroner examination, held on September 18, 1912, found the cause of death as a shot by an unknown assailant.
Crow died in hospital two weeks later on September 23, 1912. The cause of death was listed as pneumonia. Knox and Daniel were charged with rape and murder on September 30. Trussie Daniel and Ed Collins are both accused of being accomplices.
All five experiments, (including Tony Howell for the Ellen Grice case) were set for Oct. 3 at Cumming, the county seat. The prisoners were escorted by four state militia companies by train to Buford, Georgia station, and walked 14 miles (23 km) away.
Tony Howell's trial was postponed for lack of evidence. Howell has an alibi, with Isaiah Pirkle as a witness. This case will never be tried, and eventually fired.
As part of a plea bargain, Trussie Daniel changed his story and agreed to change the state's testimony. The charges against him and Collins were canceled, in exchange for his testimony against Knox, his brother Oscar, and Edwards. The all-white jury deliberated 16 minutes and returned a guilty verdict in Knox's case. Although no confession or other evidence links Daniel's Oscar to the crime, the testimony of his sister is fatal. The white jury said he was guilty that night.
The following day, October 4, the two teenagers were sentenced to death by hanging, scheduled for October 25. State law prohibits public clothing. The scheduled execution will only be seen by the families of the victim, a minister, and a lawyer. Gallow is built from the square in Cumming. Fences erected around the pillars burned the night before execution. The crowd is estimated between 5,000 and 8,000 people gathered to witness the suspension of the two young men, at a time of total population of about 12,000.
In the following months, a small group of people called "Night Riders" terrorize blacks, threatening them to leave within 24 hours or be killed. Those who refused to be subjected to further harassment, including gunfire to their homes, or cattle killed. Some white people tried to stop Night Riders, but to no avail. An estimated 98% of blacks in Forsyth County leave. Some property owners may sell, possibly incur losses. The tenants and farmers went to find a safer place. Those who left the property, and failed to continue paying property taxes, eventually lost it, and whites took over. Many black properties end up with white hands without sales and without a legitimate transfer of titles. Anti-black campaigns spread throughout Northern Georgia, with similar results from whites evicting blacks in many surrounding districts.
In the 1910 Census, more than 1,000 blacks and racial mixtures were recorded in Forsyth County, with slightly more than 10,000 whites. In the 1920 Census only 30 ethnic African Americans remained in this area.
At the age of 16, Ernest Knox was one of the youngest people ever executed by the state of Georgia (17-year-old Oscar Daniel). In 1978, state legislation was amended to prevent the execution of anyone, who at the time of the crime, was under the age of 17, following the decision of the United States Supreme Court on this issue.
In 2010 the Forsyth County Census is 85% white and has a high median income. Most low-income people live elsewhere. (in Chamorro)
The 1980s rally and demonstration
More ethnically diverse citizens have begun in recent years to migrate to the region, particularly in the prosperous south. However, racial tensions continued to be part of the district image into the early 1990s. On January 17, 1987, civil rights activists marched in Cumming, and counter-demonstrations were conducted by Ku Klux Klan branches, mostly non-residents of the area, and others opposed to the parade. According to a story published in the New York Times on January 18, four demonstrators were lightly wounded by stones and bottles thrown at them. Eight people from rival demonstrations, all white, were arrested. Accusations include unauthorized entry and carrying hidden weapons.
White Forsyth Residents, Charles A. Blackburn wants to hold a fraternity to celebrate Martin Luther King's first annual anniversary as a national holiday. He wants to eliminate the racist image of Forsyth County, where he owns and operates a private school, the Blackburn Learning Center. Blackburn canceled his plans after receiving a threatening phone call. Other whites in the surrounding area, as well as Billy McKinney State Representatives from Atlanta and Hosea Williams, who were in Atlanta City Council, took the parade plan instead.
The following week, January 24, about 20,000 participants lined up in Cumming. This incident did not result in violence, despite the presence of over 5,000 counter-demonstrators, summoned by the Forsyth County Defense League. The county and state have mobilized around 2,000 peacekeepers and national guards. Forsyth County paid $ 670,000 for overtime police during a political rally. Many angry residents have to pay for parades, as most of the participants come from outside the region. (V. S. Naipaul's interview with Forsyth County Sheriff Wesley Walraven, before the second march, is mentioned in his book A Turn in the South.
This demonstration was considered the largest civil rights demonstration in the US since about 1970. An unexpected number of about 5000 counter-demonstrators, 66 of whom were arrested for "parades without permission," proved to be the largest opposition to resistance. civil rights since the 1960s. The rival demonstration was called by the Forsyth County Defense League and the Nationalist Movement, newly organized in Cumming by local plumber Mark Watts.
Marchers came for the second march from across the country, forming a caravan from Atlanta; National Guard troops are assigned to roadside protection along the route. When demonstrators, including John Lewis, Andrew Young, Julian Bond, Coretta Scott King, Joseph Lowery, Sam Nunn, Benjamin Hooks, Gary Hart and Wyche Fowler arrived, they found that most Cumming residents had left town for the day. Some people go up to their windows because they are afraid of violence. Marcher members slowly drove through the streets lined with hundreds of armed National Guards, many of them black.. Forsyth County then charged large fees for parade permits until the practice was canceled at Forsyth County, Georgia v. Nationalist Movement (505 US 123) in the United States Supreme Court on June 19, 1992.
Maps Forsyth County, Georgia
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of ​​247 square miles (640Ã, km 2 ), which is 224 square miles (580 km 2 )) and 23 square miles (60 km 2 ) (9.4%) is water.
The eastern two-thirds of Forsyth County is located in the upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin), whereas the northwestern third of the county is located in the sub-basin of the Etowah River ACT River Basin -Tallapoosa).
Nearby district
- Dawson County - north
- Hall County - east
- Gwinnett County - southeast
- Fulton County - southwest
- Cherokee County - northwest
National protected area
- Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (section)
Transportation
Main highway
Pedestrians and biking
- Big Creek Greenway (Under construction)
Demographics
In the 2010 US Census, there were 175,511 people, 59,433 households, and 47,623 families living in the area. Population density was 783.5 people per square mile (302.5/km 2 ). There are 64,052 housing units with an average density of 285.9 per square mile (110.4/km 2 ). Racial makeup of the county is 85.4% white, 6.2% Asian, 2.6% black or African American, 0.3% American Indian, 3.8% of other races, and 1.6% of two or more races. Those from Hispanic or Latin comprise 9.4% of the population. In terms of ancestors, 15.7% were German, 14.4% were American, 14.2% were Irish, 12.9% were English, and 5.8% were Italian.
Of the 59,433 households, 46.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 8.0% had non-husbands female households, 19.9% ​​were not family, and 15.9% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.29. The median age was 36.9 years.
The average income for households in the area is $ 87,605 and the average income for families is $ 96,501. Men have an average income of $ 72,030 compared to $ 46,310 for women. The per capita income for the county is $ 35,385. Approximately 4.5% of families and 6.0% of the population are below the poverty line, including 7.0% of those under the age of 18 and 4.9% of those aged 65 and older.
Education
Forsyth County is served by Forsyth County Schools. FCS serves 42,600 students and is the largest company in the region with over 4,100 full-time employees and 1,500 replacements. Of the 180 school districts, FCS is the seventh largest school system in Georgia. The FCS is home to 37 schools - twenty-one primary schools, ten secondary, five high schools, and the Academy for Creative Education (ACE) that houses one school, iAchieve Virtual Academy, FCS '6-12 online school, and two programs, Gateway Academy (alternative program for junior and senior high school students) and Forsyth Academy.
Primary school:
- Big Creek Elementary School
- Brandywine Primary School
- Brookwood Elementary School
- Chattahoochee Elementary School
- Chestatee Elementary School
- Gunung Batubara Elementary School
- Cumming Elementary School
- Daves Creek Primary School
- Haw Creek Elementary School
- Johns Creek Elementary School
- Kelly Mill Elementary School
- Mashburn Elementary School
- Matt Elementary School
- Midway Elementary School
- Sawnee Elementary School
- Get Rid of School Element Bridge
- Sharon Elementary School
- Shiloh Point Primary School
- Silver City Elementary School
- Vickery Creek Elementary School
- Whitlow Elementary School.
High school:
- Secondary School DeSana
- Lakeside Middle School
- Freedom Intermediate School
- Small Medium School
- North Forsyth Secondary School
- Otwell Middle School
- Piney Grove Middle School
- Riverwatch Secondary School
- Forsyth Southern High School
- Vickery Creek Middle School.
Sekolah menengah:
- Forsyth Central High School
- SMA Lambert
- SMA North Forsyth
- SMA South Forsyth
- SMA West Forsyth
- SMA Denmark
.
Recreation
Lake Lanier, a 37,000 acre (150 km km) lake built and managed by the United States Armed Forces Technician Corps in collaboration with the Buford Dam, is enjoyed by many residents and non-residents. Fishing, boating, tubing, wake boarding, and water skiing are common activities on the lake.
Forsyth County Parks and Recreation Department maintains more than 15 parks in this area. The most famous are Sawnee Mountain Preserve, Central Park, Fowler Park, Poole Mill Covered Bridge, and Big Creek Greenway. The Cumming Fairgrounds host many events throughout the year including the rodeo, The Cumming Country Fair, and the farmer's market. There is also the 4th of July the annual Steam Engine Parade.
Government and politics
United States Congress
Georgia General Assembly
Georgia State Senate
Georgia Representative Council
Community
City
- Cumming
Unrelated communities
With only one official city included, the majority of Forsyth County residents live in areas with zip codes assigned to cities in the surrounding district.
In addition, there are several unrelated communities throughout the region.
See also
- List of Historic Historic Places of Interest in Forsyth County, Georgia
Notes and references
Further reading
- Grant, Donald Lee (2001). Grant, Jonathan, ed. The Way It Was in the South: The Black Experience in Georgia . University of Georgia Press.
- Phillips, Patrick (September 2016). Blood at the Root: Racial Cleaning in America . W.W. Norton & amp; Company, Inc.
External links
- Forsyth County Georgia, Business and Government Directory
- Forsyth County Government, District Government Portal
- Forsyth County, Georgia, Regional History.
- Removed: American Ethnic Cleansings , 2015, Independent Lens, PBS
- History and Notes, Forsyth County, GA
- Forsyth County School System
- Forsyth County News , "Your Hometown Paper" Since 1908
- Forsyth Herald
- "John Forsyth", Directory of Biographies of the United States Congress
- Annual Steam Video Parade Video, 60 Minutes DVD
- Forsyth County history marker
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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