Compton is a city in southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, located south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest towns in the county and on May 11, 1888, is the eighth city to be combined. At the Census of the United States 2010, the city has a total population of 96,455. The city is known as "Hub City" because of its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County. The neighborhoods at Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, Downtown Compton, and Richland Farms. The city is generally a working-class city with some middle-class neighborhoods, and is home to a relatively young population, at an average age of 25, compared to the 35-year-old American median (data 2010).
Video Compton, California
History
In 1784, the Spanish Empire donated more than 75,000 acres (300 km 2 ) to Juan Jose Dominguez in this area. The channel is called Rancho San Pedro. The Dominguez name was then applied in the Dominguez Hills area in south Compton. The tree that marks the northern border of the original rancho still stands at the corner of Poppy and the short streets. The Rancho was divided and the package was sold in Californios Alta California until the land was delivered after the Mexican-American War in 1848. American immigrants acquired most of the rancho fields after 1848.
In 1867, Griffith Dickenson Compton led a group of 30 pioneers to the area. These families have traveled by wagon train south from Stockton, California, looking for ways to earn a living apart from the golden field melelahnya. Originally named Gibsonville, after one of the channel owners, it was then called Comptonville. However, to avoid confusion with Comptonville located in Yuba County, the name was shortened to Compton. Compton's early settlers were faced with terrible difficulties as they cultivated the soil in dreary weather to survive with only the simplest subsistence. The weather continues to be hard, rain and cold, and fuel is hard to find. To collect firewood, it is necessary to travel to the mountains close to Pasadena. The return trip took almost a week. A lot of Compton's wanted to move to a friendlier climate and settle down, but because there were two public stores in the distance - one in the Los Angeles pueblo, the other in Wilmington - they finally decided to stay.
In 1887, the settlers realized it was time to make improvements to the local government. A series of town meetings were held to discuss the incorporation of their small town. Griffith D. Compton donated his land to merge and create the town of Compton in 1889, but he determined that a certain area was categorized solely for agriculture and named Richland Farms. In January 1888, a petition supporting the merger of Compton was forwarded to the Los Angeles County Supervisory Board, which in turn passed the petition to the State Legislature. On May 11, 1888 the city of Compton was founded with a population of 500 people. The first City Council meeting was held on May 14, 1888.
Many residences at Richland Farms give residents enough space to build families, and food to feed them, along with building barns, and caring for livestock. The plantation attracted black families who had begun to migrate from the rural areas of the South in the 1950s, and there they found their 'home away from home'. Compton can not support large-scale agricultural business, but it gives residents the opportunity to work on the ground for their families.
The 1920s saw the opening of Compton Airport. Compton Junior College was established and city officials moved to the new Town Hall on Jalan Alameda. On March 10, 1933, a devastating earthquake caused many victims: the school was destroyed and there was considerable damage to the central business district. Although it would eventually be home to a large black population, by 1930 there was only one black population. In the late 1940s, middle-class blacks began to move into the area, mostly on the western side. Compton grew quickly in the 1950s. One of the reasons for this is Compton is close to Watts, where there is a well-established black population. The eastern side of the city was predominantly white until the 1970s. Although located in the middle of a major metropolitan area, thanks to the heritage of Griffith D. Compton, there is still a small pouch of agriculture from its early years.
During the 1950s and 1960s, after the Supreme Court declared all exclusive housing agreements (unconstitutional deeds) unconstitutional in the case of Shelley v. Kraemer , the first black family moved to the area. Compton's growing black population remains largely ignored and ignored by the city's elected officials. Centennial High School was finally built to accommodate a growing student population. At one time, the City Council even discussed the demolition of the Compton Police Department to support the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department in an attempt to exclude blacks from law enforcement work. A black man first ran for the City Council in 1958, and the first black board member was elected in 1961.
In 1969, Douglas Dollarhide became mayor, the first black man elected as mayor of a metropolitan city in California. Two blacks and one Mexican-American were also elected to the local school board. Four years later, in 1973, Doris A. Davis defeated the Dollarhide effort to be re-elected as the first female mayor of the American metropolis. In the early 1970s, the city had one of the largest concentrations of blacks in the country with more than ninety percent. In 2013, Aja Brown, age 31, became the city's youngest mayor to date.
For years, Compton was a much sought-after suburb for the Los Angeles black middle class. Past prosperity is reflected in the appearance of this area - the streets of Compton are lined with single, relatively large, family homes. However, several factors have contributed to Compton's gradual decline. One of the most significant factors is the stable erosion of its tax base, something that is rare because of its limited commercial nature. In the following years, there was a middle-class white man who fled to the new towns of Artesia, Bellflower, Cerritos, Paramount and Norwalk in the late 1950s. The nearby cities are largely kept white from the start despite integration. This white middle-class flight was accelerated after the 1965 riots and the 1992 Los Angeles riots.
In the late 1960s, middle-and upper-middle-class blacks found another area more interesting to them. Some areas unrelated to Los Angeles County such as Ladera Heights, View Park and Windsor Hills, and others are cities like Inglewood and, in particular, Carson. Carson is significant because it successfully thwarted Annex's annexation efforts by neighbors. The city chose to join in 1968, which is famous for the black population is actually more prosperous than the white population. As a newer city, it also offers a more favorable tax rate and lower crime.
Maps Compton, California
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​10.1 square miles (26 km 2 ). 10.0 square miles (26 km 2 ) of that is the ground and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km 2 ) of it (1.03%) is water.
Compton borders on unrelated Willowbrook to the north and northwest, the West unincorporated West Compton, the southwestern Carson town, the unincorporated Rancho Dominguez in the south, the town of Long Beach to the southeast, the town of Paramount and the endless East Compton relate in the east, and by the town of Lynwood in the northeast.
East Compton
East Compton, also known as East Rancho Dominguez , is an industrial community and a place determined by census (CDP). The population is 15,135 according to the Census 2010. East Rancho Dominguez is the city name received according to USPS, and shares ZIP Code 90221 with Compton. The sphere of influence was the town of Compton, which had tried to annex East Rancho Dominguez, but business owners and property in the area opposed annexation.
Demographics
2010
The US Census 2010 reported that Compton had a population of 96,455. Population density is 9,534.3 people per square mile (3,681.2/km ²). Compton's makeup is 31,688 (32.9%) Black, 24.942 (25.9%) White (0.8% Non-Hispanic White), 655 (0.7%) Native Americans, 292 (0.3%) Asia, 718 (0.7%) of the Pacific Islands, 34.914 (36.2%) of other races, and 3.246 (3.4%) of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 62,669 people (65.0%).
The Census reported that 95,700 people (99.2% of the population) live in households, 643 (0.7%) live in unembienced groups, and 112 (0.1%) are institutionalized.
There are 23,062 households, of which 13,376 (58.0%) have children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,536 (45.7%) are married couples living together, 6,373 (27, 6%) have a female household without a husband now, 2,354 (10.2%) have a householder male in the absence of a wife. There are 1,725 ​​(7.5%) unmarried partners of the opposite sex, and 158 (0.7%) married couples or married couples. 2,979 households (12.9%) consisted of individuals and 1,224 (5.3%) had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size is 4.15. There were 19,263 families (83.5% of all households); the average family size is 4.41.
The age distribution of the population is as follows: 31.945 people (33.1%) under the age of 18, 11.901 people (12.3%) aged 18 to 24, 26,573 people (27.5%) aged 25 to 44, 18,838 people (19 , 5%) aged 45 to 64 years, and 7,198 persons (7.5%) aged 65 years or older. The median age was 28.0 years. For every 100 females, there are 94.8 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 90.7 men.
There are 24,523 housing units with an average density of 2,424.0 per square mile (935.9/km²), of which 12,726 (55.2%) are occupied owners, and 10,336 (44.8%) are occupied by tenants. Homeowner vacancy rate is 2.9%; rental vacancy rate is 5.9%. 53,525 people (55.5% of the population) live in housing units occupied by owners and 42,175 people (43.7%) live in rental housing units.
During 2009-2013, Compton had an average household income of $ 42,953, with 26.3% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
Crime
After the 1965 riots, crime at Compton increased sharply as more middle-class citizens escaped. In 1969, he had the highest crime rate in the state of California. Three years later, the city, with a population just under 80,000 inhabitants, recorded 46 murders, making it the highest per capita homicide rate in the United States. Compton's violent reputation reached the national spotlight in the late 1980s with the emergence of local rap groups Compton Most Wanted gangsta and NWA, the latter of which released Straight Outta Compton album in 1988. The city became famous for gang violence, mainly due to Bloods and Crips. By 2013, the murder rate is 36.8, a decline from the peak of the 1990s. Weapons are used in most of the murders in Compton. Between 2000 and 2016, 91.5% were killed by guns compared to the national average of 67.7%. By 2015 there is a record low of 15 cases of murder while the murder rate in the United States increases.
The neighborhood is losing the population with worsening security problems and, after the 1992 riots in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, many colored people leave the city.
Although AS. News & amp; World Report did not include Compton in the "11 Most Dangerous Cities" of 2011 for the overall crime rate in the United States, in contrast to CQ Press, using data from the FBI's annual report on crime statistics "Crimes in the United States 2010" Compton as the eighth highest crime rate in the country.
Compton experienced a decline in killings in the late 1990s and 2000s. Crime has stabilized overall in the 2010s. Decreased killings have been linked to a variety of factors, including faster police response time (reducing shots) and better medical care (improving survival rates). The newly elected mayor in 2013 has helped settle the gang war, which further reduces the murder rate.
"Rewards for Weapons"
From 1999 to 2004, the Compton murder rate averaged about 49 murders per 100,000 per year. In 2005 the city experienced an almost 45% increase in killings, although the annual rate has declined significantly in the preceding three years. The Los Angeles Sheriff's Department started an annual "Gifts for Arms" program within the same year in which the citizens of Compton were given the option to surrender firearms and receive a $ 50- $ 100 check for various items in an effort to combat gun violence. People have surrendered about 7,000 weapons over the past few years, KABC-TV reported. The success of the program has prompted LASD to expand the program across the region.
Economy
Compton was recently designated an "Entrepreneurial Hot Spot" by Cognetics, Inc., an independent economic research firm. Compton makes a national list for the best places to start and grow the business, and ranks # 2 in Los Angeles County from 88 cities. The Urban Planning and Development Department provides a business assistance program that consists of a comprehensive mix of resources for small business owners and employers. The grocery chain Ralphs and Food 4 Less, a subsidiary of Kroger, is headquartered in Compton. Gelson's Market, a subsidiary of Arden Group, Inc., the parent company, is also headquartered there.
About a third of Compton's population is under 18, and more than half of the population is female. According to the US Census taken in 2010, the City or ethnic race is 65% Hispanic or Latino, 33% Black or African American, 1.7%, Hawaiian or Pacific Island Other, 0.7% Native American or Alaska, and balance Asia, White or other races.
Compton is 10.12 square miles and is familiarly known as "Hub City" because of its unique geographic proximity to the center of Los Angeles County boundaries. As a 'City Hub', Compton is strategically located along Alameda Corridor, a 25% railway line of all international trade by air of the United States, in addition to being a major industrial center for transit and distribution, business services, high technology, home and lifestyle products , metals, financial services, and textile manufacturing. Hub City is part of the Gateway area and has a 77-acre Compton/Woodley Airport which is home to 275 aircraft and has over 66,000 flight operations each year. This air transportation asset is praised by four major Hub City expressways adjacent to the City limits. Interstate 710 runs from the port through the eastern border; Freeway State Route 91 extends over the southern boundary; Interstate 105 runs a little north of the City; and Interstate 110 to the west. In addition, the Interstate 405 and 605 highways are within two miles of the south and east edge of Compton, respectively.
Compton is surrounded by several freeways providing access to destinations throughout the region. Long Beach and Los Angeles Ports less than 20 minutes from downtown Compton, providing access to international destinations for customers and suppliers. The Alameda Corridor, an alley for 25% of all international trade via the US sea, runs directly through Compton from north to south.
City Parks and Recreation The Compton Department operates and maintains a total of 16 playgrounds for combined 118 hectares (48 acres) of active garden space. Facilities include six community centers, seven environmental parks, two walking gardens, two competition-size swimming pools, three regulatory size sizes, a skate park, the Jackie Robinson Baseball Stadium, the Nine Hole Par3 Golf Course, and the second floor 29,641 square feet (2,800 m 2 ) Douglas F. Dollarhide Community Center.
Art and culture
Some episodes of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air comedy took place at Compton because Will Smith's friend DJ Jazzy Jeff lives there. Many rap artist careers started at Compton, including NWA (Eazy-E, MC Ren, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, DJ Yella), Coolio, DJ Quik, Nishant, Jeeves, The Game, Kendrick Lamar, YG, and Compton's Most Want. In their lyrics, they praised the streets and their lives in Compton and the surrounding area. Many famous NBA players attend high school in the city as well. Arron Afflalo attended Centennial High School; DeMar DeRozan attended Compton High School; and Tayshaun Prince, Tyson Chandler, Brandon Jennings, Cedric Ceballos, and the late Dennis Johnson attended Dominguez High. Actor/comedian Paul Rodriguez Sr. also attended Dominguez high school.
To date, the Compton population is dominated by black demographics, but the Latin now represent the largest ethnic group in the city. A possible reason for this misconception is that, despite the shift in population, many professional athletes and professional entertainers are from Compton. Blacks continue to dominate local politics, holding the most elected positions in the city. Despite the inner suburbs of the city of Los Angeles, Compton has seen an increase in the middle class population in recent years, due to its affordable housing despite Compton's portrayal in the media, which is usually exaggerated. With the influx of immigrants and the demographic shift of ethnic populations, it was after the 2000 US Census that Latinos were recognized as the majority.
Compton has a growing Pacific Island, Philippine and Vietnamese population. Unconnected West Compton and Willowbrook have more middle-class blacks than downtown (west of Alameda St.) and Unconnected East Compton, the latter having a higher number of Hispanic blacks and working class. The low-income sub-section on Compton Boulevard has many businesses owned by Latinos.
Compton has been referred to various occasions in gang affiliations, gangsta rap and g-funk songs, especially in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, and so has achieved an association not only with gang violence and crime but with hip hop music as well. The city is known as the home of many famous rapper. (see list of people from Compton, California # Arts and entertainment) Compton has evolved into a younger population; the average age of people living in Compton was 25 at the time of the last full census survey in 2010; The average United States at the time was 35.3.
Compton is home to the Compton Cricket Club, the only American-born cricket cricket team. Its founder, Ted Hayes, said, "The purpose of playing cricket is to teach people how to respect themselves and respect authority so they stop killing each other."
Historic Buildings
Angeles Abbey's funeral contains examples of Byzantine, Moorish, and Spanish architectural styles. The cemetery was built in 1923 and survived the long earthquake in Long Beach 1933.
Compton Airport opened on May 10, 1924. Located on Alondra Boulevard, the airport offers flight training, has accommodation for over 200 aircraft, and is home to several aviation clubs.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial: The Civic Center Monument is dedicated to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Surrounded by Civic Center, Compton Court House, Compton City Hall, and Compton Public Library.
The Eagle Tree is a natural boundary marker of Rancho San Pedro in 1858. It contains historic markers and placards placed by Princess of the Golden West in 1947.
The 'Heritage House' was built in 1869 and is a State Historic Landmark. The oldest house in Compton, restored as a tribute to the early settlers. This is an important landmark of Compton's rich history. In the corner of Myrrh and Willowbrook near the Civic Center Plaza, Heritage House is a simple-looking house that will eventually have a museum detailing the early life at Compton. For now it shows a striking difference between the simple life of the 19th century and the fast-paced urban environment of the 21st century.
The Woodlawn Cemetery is the final resting place of 18 Civil War veterans. It has been the Historic Landmark of Los Angeles County since 1946.
City site
- The Premiership Baseball Academy is a young baseball academy that provides free baseball and softball instruction for Southern California youth.
- The Future Aviation Museum is a non-traditional compilation of live interactive museums, after-school programs, gang intervention programs and flight schools.
Government
Government municipality
After Lionel Cade, an accountant, took over the mayor's office in 1977, one of the first business orders was to conduct a city financial audit. It was found that the city was $ 2 million in debt. Governance is able to eliminate large deficits in one year by making cuts in every department. It also aggressively seeks federal funding to help pay for essential services, which are at least partly effective. However, with the passing of the property tax cuts proposal Proposition 13 by California voters, Compton is one of the hardest hit cities, having removed most of the fat from its budget.
Controversy
Civil corruption has also been a major problem at Compton. In the early 1990s, US Attorney Joey Chin conducted a series of investigations, centering on a fake waste-to-energy scheme, which ultimately ensnared selected elected officials.
In 2000, the Compton Police Department was dissolved amid controversy and allegations of corruption. The police department claimed it was dissolved after an investigation of gang activity led to Mayor Compton Omar Bradley. After this became public, the mayor accused it was a corrupt policeman, and he dismissed the police department. Omar Bradley has since faced serious allegations of corruption. Regardless of the situation, alternative forms of law enforcement are sought. Compton's police needs are currently served by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department.
Eric J. Perrodin, the city's former mayor, was investigated in 2007 by the California State Bar for threatening to violate the right to the First Amendment of the local newspaper after the paper printed an investigation report relating to a contract awarded to one of Perrodin's colleagues. Following the report, Perrodin threatened to revoke the city's advertising contract with A Times paper reviewing the city's records indicating Perrodin was absent from the city council and commission meeting almost two-thirds of the time between July 2009 and July 2010.
The current withdrawal effort is a direct response from residents on allegations of corruption from the mayor and city council. Some of the allegations involved the issuing of city contracts to donors and private friends. One particular allegation involved a waste and municipal recycling contract to Pacific Coast Waste and Recycling LLC in 2007, whose leadership donated large sums of money to Perrodin's political coffers.
Notice of intent to circulate a withdrawal petition against four Compton city officials is expected to be submitted in August 2010, by a group of citizens claiming corruption at Compton is being ignored by the same authorities shocked by the recent salary controversy in the city of Bel.
Compton has issued its city manager for the second time in three years. The Los Angeles Times says the City Council voted in a closed-door meeting, September 9, 2010, to dismiss Charles Evans. The Times said board members refused to discuss the reasons for their decision. Evans took office in 2007, following the dismissal of the previous City Manager, Barbara Kilroy. City Controller Willie Norfleet will take over until a permanent manager can be named.
State and federal representations
In the state legislature, Compton is in the 35th Senate District, represented by Democrat Steven Bradford, and in District 64, represented by Democrat Mike Gipson.
In the United States House of Representatives, Compton is in California's 44th congress district, represented by Democrat Nanette Barragón.
Education
The city is served by the Compton Unified School District. This district is a participant of the FOCUS program organized by the University of California, Irvine. The aim of the program is to improve mathematics and science achievement by bringing together mathematical, scientific, educational and faculty research faculty and staffing efforts with educators from the school district.
CUSD provides public education for K-12 grades. The district operates 24 primary schools, eight secondary schools, three secondary schools, and one adult school, which also serves as an alternative school. The district has five alternative learning schools.
Keempat sekolah tinggi CUSD adalah Centennial High School, Compton Early College High School, Dominguez High School, dan Compton High School.
The city is also served by the El Camino College Compton Education Center, which offers college programs for those planning to enter a four-year degree program, as well as those seeking further education in a particular field of commerce.
Reed Christian College is a non-profit private institution, located in Compton. The program lasts for less than a year, and the total enrollment is approximately 120 students.
The Compton Library offers adult, children and Spanish language materials; reference services; The Center for Literacy and Home Work Centers; public computers with Internet access and word processing capabilities; public typewriter; and bilingual story time every Saturday at 12:00 noon.
The Occidental Center for Food and Justice and the Compton Agriculture-to-School project are featured in the Life and Times segment, a half-hour news program on KCET's public television in Los Angeles.
The Barack Obama Charter School is a kindergarten through a sixth grade general charter school.
Infrastructure
The Los Angeles County Health Services Department operates the Southern Health Center in Watts, Los Angeles, serving Compton.
The United States Postal Service operates the Compton Post Office at 701 South Santa Fe Avenue Post Office Hub City at 101 South Willowbrook Avenue, and Fashion Square Post Office at 2100 North Long Beach Boulevard.
Law enforcement
The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department operates Compton Station in Compton. When the LASD replaced the Compton Police Department in 2000, they increased the hours of patrol services from 127,410 to 141,692. Compton Station is located in the Los Angeles area. The station is easily accessible from (105) Century freeway to the north, (91) Riverside/Artesia freeway to the south, (110) Harbor freeway to the west, and (710) Long Beach freeway to the east. Diane Walker, a 30-year veteran of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, was promoted to the rank of Captain by Sheriff Lee Baca, and now Commander of Compton Station. There is also a LASD substation located in Gateway Towne Center.
Transportation
Four highways are within or near the city border and provide access to destinations throughout the region. Interstate 710 runs through the eastern boundary, State Route 91 runs through the southern boundary. Interstate 105 runs a little along the north of the city, and Interstate 110 to the west.
The Blue Line Metro rail line crosses the north-south through the city; Compton Station is in the heart of the city, adjacent to the Renaissance Shopping Center. The Blue Line connects Compton to downtown Los Angeles and downtown Long Beach.
There is also a Compton Renaissance Transit System that serves the area.
Compton/Woodley Airport is a small public aviation airport located in the city. The airport is located in a busy airspace, as it is located a few miles from Los Angeles International Airport and Long Beach Airport.
Greyhound Lines mengoperasikan Compton Station.
Collectively, this multifaceted transport network lends the justification for the familiar nickname of the city "the Hub City."
Famous people
- List of people from Compton, California
Twin Cities
On January 19, 2010, the Compton City Council passed a resolution that created the sister cities program to be managed as a chapter of the Compton Chamber of Commerce. The city has established partnerships with four cities:
- Onitsha, Anambra, Nigeria (2010)
- Apia, Samoa (2010)
- Targovishte, Bulgaria (2010)
The city also wants to increase its partnership with Yanga, Mexico; and Port of Spain, Trinidad & amp; Tobago.
See also
- List of people from Compton, California
- South Los Angeles
References
Further reading
- Adams, Emily, "Bush's Root Compton Lifts the Thorny Problem", Los Angeles Times , August 3, 1992, page B-1
- McClave, Stuart (University of Southern California Annenberg School for major Communication journalism). "Compton: Who should rule?" (Opinion). Los Angeles Times . April 3, 2014.
- Miller, Gary J., Cities by Contract: The Politics of Municipal Incorporation , The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 1981
- Gould, Lewis L. (editor), First American Women: Their Lives and Their Heritage, Garland Publishing, New York and London, 1996. See pages 612-613 on the Bush family's "nomad" "Existence in the city - the city of Huntington Park, Bakersfield, Whittier, Ventura and Compton, California.
- Straus, Emily E., Suburban Dream Death: Racing and School in Compton, California. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.
External links
- Official website
- LASD in Compton
- Compton Creek Watershed Management Plan
- Birthing A New Compton
- How Compton got the groove back, Newsweek 2009
- Return to Compton
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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