Transport in Puerto Rico includes road systems, highways, highways, airports, harbors and ports, and rail systems, serving a population of about 4 million people throughout the year. It is funded primarily with local and federal government funds.
Video Transportation in Puerto Rico
Airport
Puerto Rico has a total of 30 airports (3 of which are international), including one on every small island in Vieques and Culebra. The main airport is Luis MuÃÆ'Â Â ± oz MarÃÆ'n International Airport, and consists of two runways and three concourses. It is the busiest airport in Puerto Rico, with direct connections to most major cities in the continental United States, Latin America, Caribbean Canada, and Madrid, Spain.
- Puerto Rico has 21 airports with an asphalt runway, including:
- 3 airports with runways in excess of 10,000 feet (3,048 m).
- 3 airports with runways start between 5,000 feet (1,524 m) and 8,000 ft (2,438 m).
- 15 airports with runways less than 5,000 feet (1,524 m).
- Puerto Rico also has 8 airports with an unpaved runway, all of which have less than 5,000 feet (1,524 m) of runway.
Airlines based in Puerto Rico
These are the current and current cargo and passenger airlines based in Puerto Rico or with flights to Puerto Rico:
Historical
- AerovÃÆ'as Nacionales de Puerto Rico (1936)
- Prinair (1966-1984, 2007-2009)
- PuertorriqueÃÆ' Â ± a AviaciÃÆ'³n (1941)
- Pan American World Airways
- Mexicana de Aviacion
- Lufthansa
- Viasa
- Aerolineas Argentinas
- KLM
- TWA
Current or recently operable/licensed
Maps Transportation in Puerto Rico
Sealorts & amp; Seaports_.26_harbors port
Sea-based transport of merchandise or persons sent completely or partially by water between US points - either directly or indirectly through one or a number of foreign points - the US. Federal law requires that such goods or persons travel on US owned, US owned, ships owned by the US, documented by the Coast Guard for such "riders" of maritime riders. These transport/trade restrictions include Puerto Rico per the Jones Act of 1920 (Merchant Marine Act of 1920). The Jones Act and various other United States laws governing domestic and domestic-foreign-domestic transport of merchandise and passengers with water between two points in the United States, including Puerto Rico, have been extended to the island region since the early years of the relationship politics of the United States.
Strictly interpreted, the Jones Act refers only to Section 27 of the Merchant Sea Act of 1920, (46 USCÃ,§Ã, 883; 19 CFR 4.80 and 4.80 (b)), which has come to bear the name the original sponsor, Senator Wesley L. Jones. Another law enacted in 1886 basically requires the same standards for the transport of passengers between US points, directly or indirectly transported through foreign ports or foreign points (46 App. U.S.C. 289; 19 CFR 4.80 (a)). However, since the mid-1980s, as part of a joint effort between the yacht industry serving Puerto Rico and Puerto Rican politicians such as Resident Commissioner, the US Non-voting Representative, Baltasar Corrada del RÃÆ'o, has limited exceptions since there is no US cruise ship Jones Act-eligible to participate in that market.
The application of this coastal shipping law and their imposition in Puerto Rico comprises serious restrictions on free trade and has been under scrutiny and controversy because of the contradictory rhetoric involving US Government sponsorship of free trade policies around the world, while the national delivery policy itself (cabotage law) is essentially mercantilist and based on foreign notions of the principles of free trade.
Primary port
- San Juan Harbor - Mostly divided into three: one in Old San Juan that includes cargo/cargo and yachts, the Pan American Port Terminal on Isla Grande is mostly for cruises, and Puerto Nuevo, exclusively for cargo/cargo ships. This is the main port of the island.
- Port of Ponce - The second largest port in Puerto Rico and can handle cargo/cargo and yachts. It is currently undergoing a significant expansion (see Port of the Americas), with plans to turn it into an international delivery center.
- Port of MayagÃÆ'¼ez - The third largest port in Puerto Rico. It is mainly used for cargo/cargo ships but is also home to the Dominican Republic-Puerto Rico ferry and has also been used for cruises.
Ports and small ports
Here are ports and small ports used for small cargo/cargo vessels, fishing vessels, and private yachts/yachts: GuÃÆ'¡nica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Fajardo, Culebra, and Vieques.
Ada feri antara Fajardo, Culebra, dan Vieques; antara San Juan dan Cataà ± o; Dan Antara Ponce dan Caja de Muertos (Pulau Coffin).
There are several private marinas in Puerto Rico for boats and yachts, the largest being Puerto del Rey in Fajardo and Club Nautico de Ponce.
Federal restricted
The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (also known as the Jones Act) prevents foreign flagged ships carrying cargo between two American ports (a practice known as cabotage). Because of the Jones Act, foreign ships entering with goods from Central and South America, Western Europe, and Africa can not stop in Puerto Rico, removing Puerto Rican items, loading Puerto Rico-made goods, and proceeding to the US port.. Instead, they should head straight for the US port, where the distributor breaks the bulk and sends Puerto Rico's merchandise to Puerto Rico across the ocean on a US-flagged vessel.
Consumers of Puerto Rico eventually bear the cost of transporting more goods across the Atlantic and Oceans on US flagged ships subject to the very high operating costs imposed by the Jones Act. This also makes Puerto Rico less competitive with Caribbean ports as a shopping destination for tourists from countries of origin with much higher taxes (like mainland countries) although prices for non-American manufactured goods should in theory be cheaper because Puerto Rico is closer to Central and South America, Western Europe, and Africa.
The local government of Puerto Rico has asked several times to the US Congress to exclude Puerto Rico from the Jones Act restrictions without success. The latest measure has been taken by the 17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico through R. Conc. del S. 21. These measures always have the support of all the major local political parties. In 2013, the Government Accountability Office issued a report concluding that "canceling or amending the cabotage laws of the Jones Act could cut Puerto Rico shipping fees" and that "senders believe that opening trades for non-US flag competitions may lower costs." However, the report concludes that the effect of modifying the application of the Jones Act to Puerto Rico is highly uncertain for Puerto Rico and the United States, particularly for the US shipping industry and US military preparedness.
Railway transport
Current system
- Urbano Trends - Provide passenger train services between various points of the San Juan Metropolitan Area, between BayamÃÆ'³n, Guaynabo and some important parts of San Juan.
- Ponce Train Port - The only industrial railway that operates across the island and is located in Puerto de Las AmÃÆ' Â © ricas in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It consists of a small railway yard and a train ferry terminal. About twice a month, the railway ferry carries a tanker on a barge between Mobile, Alabama and the Ponce train terminal, sending chemicals to the Puerto Rico pharmaceutical industry.
- Tourism Rail Rail - Some locomotives are used for tourism and recreation services, such as "El Parque del Tren" in BayamÃÆ'³n (destroyed to make way for Urbano Trends ) and the old historic sugarcane plantation "Tren del Sur" in Arroyo (currently abandoned but with plans for recovery).
System dies
The Puerto Rican train system grew in the late 19th and early 20's because of the island's major sugar industry. Most, if not all, of these systems are privately owned services.
During the 1870s and 1890s, Puerto Rico lacked a national rail system, but the city of MayagÃÆ'¼ez did have a small passenger rail system to transport its inhabitants mainly along Mendez Vigo Avenue.
The main system can be traced back to 1891, when the northern line was built between San Juan (MartÃÆ'n PeÃÆ' Â ± a sector) and the city of Manató. The system is expanded to cover all west coastal cities, providing a link that will allow passengers to travel between the northern and southern parts of the island in less than a day for the first time in its history. Prior to its downfall, the Puerto Rican train system operates in all major cities, with trails and stations along most coastal towns and direct lanes to all major sugar refineries.
However, when Puerto Rico converted most of its agricultural economy into an industrial economy, and the US and Puerto Rico governments began to invest heavily on interstate highways and highways, the rail business soon collapsed. Passenger travel stopped in 1953, while the commercial train system (mostly for the sugarcane industry) continued to operate until 1957.
Road transport
Puerto Rico has an extensive road and highway system featuring toll roads ( autopistas ). Some are designated as Interstate Highways; although these routes are not connected to the United States adjacent, and not signed like that, they still receive funding in the same way as other Interstates on the US mainland. In total, there are over 8,950 miles (14,400 km, 1999 est.) Paved roads. Some major highways are:
PR-1 - The original main road between San Juan and Ponce before the completion of PR-52. It is now mostly used by people living nearby and as a beautiful route.
PR-2 - The city's main freeway/highway/highway between/through Ponce, MayagÃÆ'¼ez, Aguadilla, and Arecibo. The original main road between Arecibo and San Juan before the completion of the PR-22 (currently converting to the freeway between Ponce and Mayagüez). It is the longest street in Puerto Rico.
PR-3 - (65th Infantry Avenue) The main highways/major urban highways between Salinas, Guayama, Humacao, Fajardo and San Juan (before the PR-52, - 66, and PR-26).
PR-22 - The main freeway between San Juan and Hatillo (plan is underway to extend freeway to Aguadilla).
PR-52 (Las Amà © ricas Expressway dan/atau Luis A. Ferrà © Expressway) - Jalan bebas hambatan utama antara San Juan dan Ponce.
PR-10 - The main highway between Ponce and Arecibo (Currently under construction The final part between Adjuntas and Utuado is scheduled to open in 2015).
The main freeway between Salinas, Guayama, Yabucoa, Humacao, and Fajardo (currently under construction: part of Salinas and Guayama and Humacao to Fajardo is complete and open; while parts between Guayama, Yabucoa, and Humacao are in development).
PR-66 - The main freeway between CanÃÆ'³vanas, Carolina, San Juan, and RÃÆ'o Grande.
City transportation
Transport in Puerto Rico depends heavily on car transport. Nevertheless, the government has increased investment in public transport in an effort to reduce vehicle dependence and road congestion. The island's metro area is served with three main public transport systems:
- The metro system as far as 10.7 miles (17.2 km) is called "Urbano Trend" with a total of 16 stations. The project, which began operating in late 2004 cost a total of $ 2.25 billion and more than $ 1 billion over the budget and four years late. However, the "subsidized" Urbano Trends have received far less than originally projected and have failed to make a significant impact in reducing the metropolitan area's traffic on the island.
- The daily ferry service known as Feri CataÃÆ' Â ± o, ( La Lancha de CataÃÆ' Â ± o in Spanish) operates the route across San Juan Bay between Old San Juan and the municipality of CataÃÆ' Â ± o.
- The Metropolitan Bus Authority provides daily bus transportation to residents of San Juan, Guaynabo, BayamÃÆ'³n, Trujillo Alto, CataÃÆ' Â ± o, and Carolina through 30 routes different. Its fleet consists of 277 regular buses and 35 buses for disabled people, and its passengers are estimated at 112,000 on weekdays.
Most cities and towns also have Jitney type taxi systems called Carros PÃÆ'ºblicos . Each city has a central taxi terminal usually within walking distance of the central city square where taxis are placed, and they provide transport via local routes and the island. In February 2014, the Carros PÃÆ'ºblicos archipelago system comprised more than 3,000 vehicles authorized by the "Commission de Servico PÃÆ'ºblico" (Public Service Commission), and covered nearly 500 routes. Approximately 130,000 passengers per day, by 2014 the PÃÆ'ºblicos system handles more than five times the daily passenger volume of the island's largest international airport, Luis MuÃÂ Â ± oz MarÃÆ'n.
See also
- T.U.S.C.A.
Note
External links
- Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works (in Spanish)
- Puerto Rico: Society and Culture Prior to the US Invasion of 1898: Transportation Puerto Rico Institute of Arts and Culture (IPRAC) (in Spanish)
- Train: Memories and Nostalgia , Finding Our Roots (in Spanish)
- East Coast Transport PR (in Spanish)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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