The Hollywood Walk of Fame consists of over 2,600 five-point terrazzo and brass stars embedded on the 15-block sidewalk of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California. The stars are permanent public monuments for achievement in the entertainment industry, with mixed names of actors, musicians, directors, producers, music and theater groups, fictional characters, and so on. The Walk of Fame is managed by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and is managed by the Hollywood Historic Trust fund. It is a popular tourist destination, with reported 10 million visitors in 2003.
Video Hollywood Walk of Fame
Description
Walk of Fame runs 1.3 miles (2.1 km) from east to west on Hollywood Boulevard from Gower Street to La Brea Avenue, plus a short segment of Marshfield Way that runs diagonally between Hollywood and La Brea; and 0.4 miles (0.64 km) north to south on Vine Street between Yucca Street and Sunset Boulevard. According to a 2003 report by market research firm NPO Plog Research, the Walk attracts about 10 million visitors each year - more than Sunset Strip, the TCL Chinese Theater (formerly Grauman's), the Queen Mary and the Los Angeles Museum of Art County - and has played an important role in making the industry's largest tourism industry in Los Angeles County.
Categorization
In 2017, the Walk of Fame consists of more than 2,600 stars, spaced on a 6-foot (1.8 m) interval. The five-star five-star framed pink coral monument with brass (not bronze, often inaccurate) is decorated into a charcoal terrazzo background. At the top of each star field, the honorary name is decorated with brass beam letters. Under the inscription, in the lower half of the star field, the ornate brass emblem represents the category of honorary contribution. Symbols represent five categories in the entertainment industry:
Of all the stars in the Walk to date, 47% have been categorized in movies, 24% on television, 17% in audio recordings, 10% on radio, and less than 2% in the live show category. About 20 new stars are added to the Walk every year.
Custom star
Custom category stars recognize contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honors, and display unique emblems for their esteemed individuals. For example, former Los Angeles mayor star Tom Bradley features Seal of the City of Los Angeles; the emblem of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) is a replica of the Hollywood Division badge; and the stars representing the company, such as Victoria's Secret and Los Angeles Dodgers, display the honorary company logo. The "Friends of the Walk of Fame" monument is a terrazzo charcoal box surrounded by a mini pink terrazzo star featuring five standard category symbols, along with the company's sponsor logo, under the name of a sponsor and a contribution in inlaid brass block letter. Special stars and Friends monuments are awarded by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce or the Hollywood Historic Trust, but are not part of the proper Walk of Fame and are located nearby on private property.
Monuments for the Apollo 11 to Moon missions are unique: Four identical circular moons, inscribed with the names of the three astronauts (Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Michael Collins) First Moon landing date ("7/20/69") , and the words "Apollo XI", set in each of the four corners of the Hollywood and Vine junctions. The moon was a brass silver and gray terrazzo circle on a square pink terrazzo background, with the television emblem encrusted at the top of each circle.
Maps Hollywood Walk of Fame
History
Origin
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce praised E.M. Stuart, president of a volunteer in 1953, with the initial idea of ​​creating the Walk of Fame. Stuart is reportedly proposing Walk as a means to "retain the glory of a community whose name means glamor and joy in the four corners of the world." Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Repair Association, received the credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to refine the idea, and an architectural firm was retained to develop a specific proposal. In 1955 the basic concept and general design was approved, and the plan was submitted to the Los Angeles City Council.
There are several accounts for the origin of the star concept. According to one, the historic Hollywood Hotel - which stood for more than 50 years on Hollywood Boulevard in a location now occupied by Hollywood and Highland complexes and Dolby Theater (formerly Kodak) - featured stars in the dining room ceiling above the tables favored by the most famous celebrity customer, and who may have served as an early inspiration. With other accounts, the stars were "inspired... by Sugarman's [Tropics Restaurant] drink menu, featuring celebrity photos framed with gold stars."
In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of honorary samples (John Wayne, by some accounts) inside a blue star on a brown background. However, the caricatures proved too expensive and difficult to execute in brass with the technology available at the time; and a brown and blue motive vetoed by Charles E. Toberman, a legendary real estate developer known as "Mr. Hollywood", because the colors collided with the new building he founded on Hollywood Boulevard.
Selection and construction
In March 1956 the final design and coral-and-charcoal color scheme was approved, and between the spring of 1956 and the fall of 1957, 1,558 honors were chosen by a committee representing four major branches of the entertainment industry at the time: motion pictures, television, audio recordings, and radio. The committee meets at Brown Derby's restaurant, and includes prominent names like Cecil B. DeMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz.
The terms set by the original (and then canceled) audio recording committees of certain minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominations. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be removed from Walk by that requirement. As a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate reward system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959.
Construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two pending lawsuits were completed. The first was filed by local property owners who challenged the legality of a $ 1.25 million tax assessment imposed on them to pay for Walk, along with street lighting and new trees. In October 1959 the judgment was considered valid. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr., seeks redress for the exclusion of his father, whose candidacy has been withdrawn under pressure from some parties (see Controversial Addition). Jas Chaplin was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for the completion of the project.
While Joanne Woodward is often chosen as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame, there is actually no "first" recipient; the original stars were installed as sustainable projects, without individual ceremonies. The Woodward name is one of eight randomly drawn from the original 1.558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars built while litigation still holds permanent construction. Eight prototypes were installed temporarily in the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to show how the Walk would eventually look. The other seven names are Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence. The laying of the first stone occurred on February 8, 1960. On March 28, 1960, the first permanent star, director Stanley Kramer, was completed at the eastern end of the new Walk near the Hollywood and Gower intersections. The legend of Joanne Woodward probably originated, according to one source, as she was the first to pose with her star for photographers.
Stagnation and revitalization
Although Walk was originally partly compiled to encourage the redevelopment of Hollywood Boulevard, the 1960s and 1970s were a prolonged period of city decay in the Hollywood area when the population moved to the suburbs. After the initial installation of about 1,500 stars in 1960 and 1961, eight years passed without the addition of a new star. In 1962, the Los Angeles City Council passed a regulation that named the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce "an agent to advise City" on adding names to the Road, and the Chamber, for the next six years, devising rules, procedures, and financing methods to do so. In December 1968, Richard D. Zanuck was awarded the first star in eight years in a presentation ceremony hosted by Danny Thomas. In July 1978, the City of Los Angeles set the Hollywood Walk of Fame Los Angeles Historical-Cultural Monument.
Radio personality, television producers and members of the Johnny Grant Room are generally credited with applying the reviving changes of the Way and making it a significant tourist attraction. Beginning in 1968, he encouraged publicity and encouraged international press coverage by requiring each recipient to personally attend his star's opening ceremony. Grant then recalled that "it was difficult to get people to receive stars" until the environment finally began to recover in the 1980s. In 1980 he charged a fee of $ 2,500, payable by the person or entity nominating the recipient, to finance the maintenance of the Walk of Fame and minimize the burden on the taxpayer further. Costs increase gradually over time; in 2002 reached $ 15,000, and reached $ 30,000 in 2012. The current cost (2017) is $ 40,000.
Grant was awarded a star in 1980 for his television work. In 2002, he received a second star in the "special" category to acknowledge his important role in improving and popularizing the Walk. He is also appointed as chair of the Selection Committee and the Honorary Mayor of Hollywood (the ceremonial position previously held by Art Linkletter and Monty Hall, among others). He remained in both offices from 1980 until his death in 2008 and hosted most of the opening ceremonies during that period. The special star-a unique category, with a symbol that depicts the "Great Seal of Hollywood City" in style, is located at the entrance to the Dolby Theater adjacent to Johnny Grant Way.
Expansion
In 1984 the fifth category, Live Theater, was added to allow recognition of contributions from the live show branch of the entertainment industry, and the second row of stars was created on each sidewalk to alternate with the stars.
In 1994 the Walk of Fame extended one block west on Hollywood Boulevard, from Sycamore Avenue to North LaBrea Avenue (plus the short segment of Marshfield Way connecting Hollywood and La Brea), where it now ends in silver "Four Ladies Hollywood" gazebo and stars Special "Walk of Fame". At the same time, Sophia Loren is honored with a 2,000th star on the Walk.
During the construction of the tunnel for the Los Angeles subway system in 1996, the Metropolitan Transport Authority moved and stored more than 300 stars. The controversy arose when the MTA proposed a measure of money saving to crave a 3-by-3-foot terrazzo pedestal, preserving only brass, surround, and medal letters, then pouring new terrazzo after the tunnel was completed; but the Cultural Heritage Commission decides that the star bearing should be removed intact.
Recovery
In 2008 a long-term restoration project started with an evaluation of all 2,365 stars on Walk at the time, each receiving a grade A, B, C, D, or F. Honorees whose star received an F value, indicating the most severe damage, was Joan Collins, Peter Frampton, Dick Van Patten, Paul Douglas, Andrew L. Stone, Willard Waterman, Richard Boleslavsky, Ellen Drew, Frank Crumit, and Bobby Sherwood. Fifty celebrity stars get the value of "D". The damage ranges from minor cosmetic defects caused by normal weathering to holes and cracks that are severe enough to be a walking hazard. At least 778 stars will eventually be repaired or replaced during the ongoing project with an estimated cost of $ 4 million to $ 4.2 million.
The restoration is a collaboration between the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and various offices of the city and county governments of Los Angeles, along with the MTA, which operates the Metro Red Line that runs under Walk, because the motion of the Earth due to the presence of a subway line is considered to be responsible for damage.
To encourage additional funding for this project by corporate sponsors, the program "Friends of Walk of Fame" was inaugurated. Absolut Vodka became the first Friend with a $ 1 million donation, followed by L'Orà © al. Friends are recognized with honorary plaques adjacent to the Walk of Fame in front of Dolby Theater. The program received some criticism. Alana Semuels of Los Angeles Times described it as "just the latest company effort to buy a good buzz," and, quoting an area strategist, "I think Johnny Grant will roll over in his grave." Karen Fondu, President L'Orà © al Paris, denied that the association was a "natural affinity."
Walk of Fame today
Multiple stars
The original selection committee chose to recognize some entertainer contributions in various categories with many stars. Gene Autry is the only honorary star with in all five categories. Bob Hope, Mickey Rooney, Roy Rogers and Tony Martin each have stars in four categories - Rooney has his own three and the fourth with his eighth and last wife Jan while Rogers also has three of his own, and fourth with his band, Sons of the Pioneers. Thirty-three people, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jo Stafford, Dean Martin, Dinah Shore, Hurricane Gale, Danny Kaye, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and Jack Benny, have stars in three categories.
Seven recording artists have two stars in the same category for different achievements: Michael Jackson, as a soloist and as a member of The Jackson 5; Diana Ross, as a member of The Supremes and for her solo work; Smokey Robinson, as a solo artist and as a member of The Miracles; and John Lennon, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and Paul McCartney as individuals and members of The Beatles. Cher lost his chance by refusing to schedule a compulsory personal appearance when he was elected in 1983. He attended the opening of Sonny & Cher Star in 1998 as a tribute to her ex-husband, Sonny Bono.
George Eastman is the only honorarium with two stars in the same category for the same achievement, the discovery of the film rolls.
In 1977, country singer Loretta Lynn was the first of the genres to receive a star on the Walk of Fame.
Additional controversial
Charlie Chaplin was the only honor chosen twice for the same star on The Walk. He unanimously voted into the initial group of 500 in 1956 but the Selection Committee ultimately ruled out him, ostensibly because of his morals question (he had been accused of violating Mann Law - and freed - during the White Slavery hysteria of the 1940s), but more likely because of his left-leaning political views. The rebuke prompted an unsuccessful lawsuit by his son, Charles Chaplin Jr. The star was eventually added to the Walk in 1972, the same year he received an Academy Award; but even then, 16 years later, the Chamber received an angry letter from across the country protesting against his decision to include him.
Chaplin's difficulties committee reportedly contributed to his decision in 1978 against awarding stars to Paul Robeson, a controversial opera singer, actor, athlete, writer, lawyer, and social activist. The cries resulting from the entertainment industry, the circle of society, local and national politicians, and many other places were so strong that the decision was canceled and Robeson was awarded a star in 1979.
Following allegations of sexual assault involving comedian Bill Cosby, actor Kevin Spacey and director Brett Ratner, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce released a statement about the question of star removal:
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has received a question asking if we plan to remove the Walk of Famers star for alleged infringement. The answer is no... The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a historic landmark listed. Once the star has been added to the Walk, it is considered part of Hollywood's historic Walk of Fame cloth. Therefore, we never remove the star from Walk.
By 2015, this is the only Hollywood Chamber of Commerce statement about the abolition of stars.
Stars of the same name
Two pairs of stars share an identical name representing different people. There are two stars of Harrison Ford, who honor silent film actors (at 6665 Hollywood Boulevard), and contemporary actors (in front of Dolby Theater at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard). Two Michael Jackson stars represent singers/dancers/songwriters (at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard), and radio personality (at 1597 Vine Street). When Jackson recording artist died in 2009, fans erroneously started leaving flowers, candles, and other tributes on Vine Street stars. Upon learning of this, the radio host wrote on his website, "I am happy to lend it to him and, if it will bring him back, he can have it."
The most common family names, with sixteen stars, are Williams: Andy Williams, Bill Williams, Billy Dee Williams, Cindy Williams, Earle Williams, Esther Williams, Guy Williams, Hank Williams, Joe Williams, Kathlyn Williams, Paul Williams, Pharrell Williams , Robin Williams, Roger Williams, Tex Williams and Vanessa Williams. There are fourteen stars with the Moore family name, twelve with Jones, and seven with Smith.
The largest collection of stars to honor a blood relative group is a collection of seven representing the seven families of Barrymore: John Barrymore, his brother Lionel (who has two), and Ethel's sister, their uncle Sidney Drew, son of John John Drew Barrymore, and daughter of John Drew, Drew Barrymore.
Bending rules
The Walk of Fame rules prohibit the consideration of candidates whose contributions fall outside the five major entertainment categories, but the election committee has been known to juggle some interesting interpretation rules to justify the election. Four landing monuments on the Moon Walking in the corners of Hollywood and Vine, for example, officially recognize the Apollo 11 astronauts for "donations to the television industry". Johnny Grant admits, in 2005, that classifying the lunar first landings as a television entertainment show was "a bit of a stretch". A considerable Magic Johnson basketball skill has no direct connection to movies, music, TV, radio, or theater, but the committee adds it to the movie category, based on its ownership of the Magic Johnson Theater chain, citing as precedent Sid Grauman, Chinese Theater builder Grauman ( now TCL). "[Now] people want Orville Redenbacher," Grant said in a 2005 interview, "because popcorn is in every movie."
Muhammad Ali's star was awarded after the committee decided that boxing could be regarded as a form of "live performances". The placement, on the walls of the Dolby Theater, made it the only star mounted on the vertical surface, approving Ali's request that his name should not be passed.
All living honors have been required since 1968 to personally attend the opening of their star, and about 40 have refused honor because of this condition. The only recipient to date to appear after agreeing to do so is Barbra Streisand, in 1976. But the star was unveiled, near the junction of Hollywood and Highland. Streisand was present when her husband, James Brolin, launched her star in 1998 two blocks east.
Unique and unusual
Fifteen stars are identified by a one-word stage name: Cantinflas, Houdini, Liberace, Mako, Meiklejohn, Paderewski, Parkarkarkus, Roseanne, RuPaul, Sabu, Shakira, Slash, Sting, ThalÃÆ'a, and Usher.
The largest group of individuals represented by a single star is an approximate 122 adults and 12 children collectively known as Munchkins, from the 1939 landmark film The Wizard of Oz.
Clayton Moore is closely associated with his Lone Ranger character, although he plays another role during his career, that he is one of only two actors who have his own character name on his star. The other is Tommy Riggs, whose star reads, "Tommy Riggs & Betty Lou."
For over 40 years, singer Jimmy Boyd was the youngest recipient of the star at age 20, but he lost that difference in 2004 to an 18-year-old twin, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. The star with them (the only one shared by the twin sisters) is outside Dolby Theater, near Hollywood and the Highland Center.
Westmores received the first star to appreciate contributions to the theater makeup. Other makeup artists on the street are Max Factor, John Chambers and Rick Baker. Three stars recognize experts in special effects: Ray Harryhausen, Dennis Muren, and Stan Winston. Only one costume designer has earned a star, an Academy Award winner eight times, Edith Head.
Sidney Sheldon was one of two novelists with a star, whom he acquired to write scenarios such as The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer before switching to the novel. The other is Ray Bradbury, whose books and stories have formed the basis of dozens of movies and television programs for nearly 60 years.
Ten inventors have stars on Walk: George Eastman (as mentioned); Thomas Edison, inventor of the first true film projector and holder of various patents related to motion picture technology; Lee de Forest, inventor of vacuum tubes, which allows radio and TV, and Phonofilm, which allows sound film; Merian C. Cooper, co-inventor of the Cinerama process; Herbert Kalmus, inventor of Technicolor; Auguste and Louis LumiÃÆ'¨re, inventors of essential components of film cameras; Mark Serrurier, the inventor of the technology used for film editing; Hedy Lamarr, co-inventor of a frequency-hopping radio guidance system that is a precursor to Wi-Fi networks and cell phone systems; and Ray Dolby, a joint developer of a video tape recorder and inventor of the Dolby noise reduction system.
Some recipients moved after their entertainment career became political. Two US presidents, Ronald Reagan and Donald Trump, have stars on the Walk. Reagan is also one of two California Governors with a star; the other is Arnold Schwarzenegger. A US senator (George Murphy) and two members of the US House of Representatives (Helen Gahagan and Sonny Bono) have stars. Ignacy Paderewski, who served as Polish Prime Minister between World War, was the only head of the European government represented. Film actor and stage Albert Dekker served one term in the California State Council during the 1940s, best known for his overt criticism of Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communist incitement, leading to his blacklist.
On the 50th anniversary of 2005, Disneyland received a star adjacent to the Walk of Fame near Disney's Soda Fountain on Hollywood Boulevard. Although not technically part of the Hollywood Walk of Fame (the city's rules prohibit putting company names on the sidewalk), the star is installed adjacent to the Walk of Fame, and is considered by Johnny Grant, the proverbial "Mayor of Hollywood." Roger Ebert said of the stars "If you stop thinking about what Disneyland has accomplished and what revolutionary idea it started, it certainly deserves to be a star." Instead of traditional icons showing certain achievements of honors, Disneyland stars have the iconic Sleeping Beauty Castle, and a plaque under the star reading: "Excellence Achievements special for 50 years of magical Hollywood Historic Trust entertainment July 14, 2005. Johnny Grant, Chairman."
Fictional characters and creators
In 1978, in honor of the 50th anniversary, Mickey Mouse became the first animated character to receive a star. Other animated recipients are Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Minnie Mouse, Woody Woodpecker, Snow White, Tinker Bell, Winnie the Pooh, Shrek, The Simpsons, Rugrats, and Snoopy. The star that says Charlie Tuna does not honor the animated adult mascot, but Art Ferguson, the radio host and the old game show announcer.
Other fictitious characters on The Walk include Munchkins (as mentioned), two individuals Muppets (Kermit the Frog and Big Bird) and Muppets as a group, one monster (Godzilla), and three non-animated dog characters (Strongheart, Lassie, and Rin Tin Tin).
Ten stars recognize cartoonists and animators: Walt Disney, Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, Walter Lantz, Hanna-Barbera, Charles M. Schulz, Jay Ward, Dr. Seuss, Matt Groening, and John Lasseter. Two puppeteers have stars: Jim Henson and Shari Lewis, just like Fran Allison, who appeared with Burr Tillstrom dolls on Kukla, Fran and Ollie show.
Star location
Individual star locations are not always random or arbitrary. The world's most famous legendary celebrity stars - the so-called "business royal show" - were found in front of the TCL Chinese Theater (formerly Grauman). Oscar-winning stars are usually placed near Dolby Theater, the annual Academy Awards presentation. Decisions are sometimes made with a spoonful of imagination: Mike Myers star, for example, is located in front of an adult shop called the International Love Butik, an association with his Powers role in Austin; Star Roger Moore is located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard in recognition of his seven James Bond 007 movies; Ed O'Neill's star is located outside the shoe store in connection with his character's work on the TV show Married... with Children ; and the last star, at the far end of the western part of Walk, belongs to The Dead End Kids.
Honorees can request a special location for their stars, although the final decision remains with Chamber. Jay Leno, for example, asked for a place near the corner of Hollywood Blvd. and Highland Ave. because he was twice picked up at the scene by the police to venture (though never actually billed) shortly after his arrival in Hollywood. George Carlin chose to place his star in front of the KDAY radio station near the corner of Sunset Blvd. and Vine St., where he first gained national recognition. Carol Burnett explains his choice in his 1986 memoir: While working as an introduction to the historic Warner Brothers Theater (now the Hollywood Pacific Theater) during the 1951 Alfred Hitchcock Strangers on a Train film, he took on himself for suggest couples who come during the last few minutes of the show to wait for the next show, to avoid seeing (and spoiling) the end of the story. The theater manager fired him on the spot for "defiance" and embarrassed him by stripping off his uniform in the theater lobby. Twenty-six years later, at his request, the Burnett star was placed in the corner of Hollywood and Wilcox - in front of the theater.
Errors and mysteries
In 2010, star Julia Louis-Dreyfus was built under the name "Julia Luis Dreyfus". The actress was reportedly amused, and the error was corrected. A similar error occurred on Dick Dick Dyke's star in 1993 ("Vandyke"), and was corrected.
Movie star and television actor Don Haggerty originally featured the first name "Dan". The mistake was corrected, but years later television actor Dan Haggerty (of Grizzly Adams fame, had nothing to do with Don) also received a star. The confusion finally spawned an urban legend that Dan Haggerty was the only honorary star to have removed from the Walk of Fame.
For 28 years, the star was intended to honor Mauritz Stiller, the pioneer of Swedish film born in Helsinki who brought Greta Garbo to the United States, read "Maurice Diller", probably due to a mistranslation of oral dictations. The star was finally remade with the correct name in 1988.
Three stars remain misspelled: the back name of the diva opera Lotte Lehmann is spelled "Lottie"; Cinerama co-inventor and King Kong creator, director and producer of the first name Merian C. Cooper spelled "Cannon"; and pioneer cinematography first name Auguste LumiÃÆ'¨re listed as "August".
Monty Woolley, veteran movie actor and veteran stage known for The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) and the classic line "Time passes when you have fun", is officially listed in the movie category, but the star in Walk of Fame bears the television emblem. Woolley did appear on the small screen at the end of his career, but his contribution on TV was hindered by his broad stage, his movie, and his radio work. Similarly, movie star actress Carmen Miranda bore the TV emblem, even though her official category is a movie. Larry King's radio and TV talk show host is officially a television honorer, but his star features movie cameras.
The Los Angeles Times, which documented and photographed the Walk as part of the Hollywood Star Walk project, reported that they could not find two stars, respect Richard Crooks and Geraldine Farrar's film career. (Farrar music star is located on block 1700 from Vine Street.)
Theft and vandalism
Vandalism takes place on a regular basis, ranging from profanity and political statements written on the stars with markers to try to remove the brass symbols with chisels. Closed circuit surveillance cameras have been installed on the Hollywood Boulevard stretch between La Brea Avenue and Vine Street in an attempt to prevent naughty activities.
Four of the stars, which weigh about 300 pounds (140 kg) each, have been stolen from the Walk of Fame. In 2000, stars James Stewart and Kirk Douglas disappeared from their location near the Hollywood and Vine intersections, where they were temporarily removed for a construction project. Police found them in the Southern Gate community on the outskirts of town when they arrested a man who was involved in the incident there and ransacked his home. Suspects are construction workers hired in Hollywood and Vine projects. The stars have been badly damaged, and have to be regenerated. One of the five Gene Autry stars (unclear which one is) was also stolen from the construction area. Johnny Grant then received an anonymous phone tip that the missing star was in Iowa, but was never found. "Someday, it'll end up on eBay," Grant once joked. The most sinister and ambitious theft occurred in 2005 when thieves used a concrete saws to remove star Gregory Peck from the Hollywood Boulevard site at the intersection of North El Centro Avenue, near North Gower. The star was immediately replaced, but the original was never found and the perpetrators were never caught.
At the end of 2009, rumors circulated widely in the media and the Internet that John Lennon's star had been stolen, but it was only moved further south on Vine Street to a nearby area of ​​the round Capitol Records Building, adjacent to the bandmates George Harrison. and Ringo Starr. The Paul McCartney star is installed at the same location in 2012.
The Donald Trump star - accepted as the television series's drama hostess - was repeatedly destroyed during the 2016 presidential campaign. In late October, towards the end of the race, a man named Jamie Otis (who claimed to be the heir of Otis Elevator's fortune) use sledge hammer and pickaxe to destroy all inlay of brass star. He was ready to admit vandalism, which he described as "civil disobedience" and "freedom of expression," and told reporters that he originally planned to wipe out all the stars and auction him to raise money for women who accused Trump of sexually assaulting them.. Otis was arrested three weeks after the incident, charged with one count of criminal vandalism, and sentenced to three years probation plus $ 3400 in compensation payments. The star itself has been repaired, and has since become a pro-Trump demonstration ground.
Four Women's Hollywood
The Four Ladies of Hollywood gazebo - officially known as Hollywood and La Brea Gateway - stands on a small triangular island formed by a meeting between Hollywood Boulevard, Marshfield Way and North La Brea Avenue in the westernmost extension of the Walk of Fame.. It was commissioned in 1993 by the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency Art Program and created by architects, production designers and film director Catherine Hardwicke as a tribute to multi-ethnic Hollywood women. Gazebo is a stylized stylized Art Deco lattice structure of steel. The roof is a curved square supporting a circular dome, topped by a central obelisk with neon letters spelling "Hollywood" on each of its four sides. Above the obelisk is a small gold-plated Marilyn Monroe propeller statue in the strappy skirt poses of The Seven Year Itch . The dome structure is held high by four caryatids sculpted by Harl West to represent African-American actress Dorothy Dandridge, Asian-American actress Anna May Wong, Mexican actress Dolores del RÃÆ'o, and multi-ethnic actress, Brooklyn-born Mae West.
The gazebo was dedicated on February 1, 1994, to a mixed reception. Los Angeles Times art critic Christopher Knight called it "the saddest public artwork of recent years", representing the opposite of Hardwicke's homage to women. "Sex, as a woman's historic gateway to Hollywood," she wrote, "can not be explained more explicitly". The independent author and film producer of Gail Choice calls it a tribute to a group of pioneering and brave women who "carry a tremendous burden on their feminine shoulders." Never in my wildest dreams, I believe I will ever see a woman of such a perpetual color. creative and extraordinary. "Hardwicke argues that critics have lost the" humor and symbolism "of the structure, which" embraces and mocks the glamor, the polished metal form of the Oscars, and the pastiche of style and dreams that surround Tinseltown. "
The nomination process
Each year an average of 200 nominations is submitted to the Chamber of Commerce Committee of the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Anyone, including fans, may nominate anyone who is active in the entertainment field as long as the candidate or his or her management approves the nomination (an appointment letter from a celebrity or a designated representative must accompany the application). Candidates must have at least five years of experience in nominated categories and a history of "charitable contributions". The posthumous candidate must be dead for at least five years. At a meeting every June, the committee selected about 20 celebrities to receive a star on the Walk of Fame during the following year. One posthumous award is given every year as well. Nominations of the non-elected are rolled over to the following year for review; those who are not elected in two consecutive years are dropped, and must be re-nominated for further consideration. The living recipient must agree to personally attend the presentation ceremony within five years of selection. A dead relative must attend a posthumous presentation. The presentation ceremony is open to the public.
The $ 40,000 (as of 2018) fee, paid at the time of selection, is collected to pay for star-making and installation, as well as the general maintenance of the Walk of Fame. The fee is usually paid by nominated organizations, which may be fan clubs, or movie studios, record companies, broadcasters, or other sponsors involved with prospective scholarship recipients. Starz's cable network, for example, paid for Dennis Hopper's star as part of a promotion for the Crash series. It was inaugurated in March 2010 shortly before Hopper's death.
Many of the major entertainment figures and legendary show business acts are not included in the Walk of Fame for various reasons. Some, like Julia Roberts and Clint Eastwood, refused to participate; nominations can not be continued without the consent of the candidate. Others, such as George Clooney and John Denver, were nominated, but would not approve a mandatory personal appearance at the opening ceremony; However, Denver received posthumous stars by the end of 2014. Others have never been nominated, or have no nominees who are willing or able to pay for selection fees, or have less than the minimum five-year involvement required in their chosen field. Others are just victims of obstacles and possible selection; only about 10% of the nominations are chosen each year.
Traditionally, the identity of members of the selection committee, in addition to its chairman, has not been published to minimize conflicts of interest and to prevent lobbying by celebrities and their representatives (a significant problem during the original selection in the late 1950s). However, in 1999, in response to the intensification of the indictment of confidentiality in the selection process, the Chamber revealed the names of members: Johnny Grant, the old chairman and representative of the television category; Earl Lestz, president of Paramount Studio Group (film); Stan Spero, retired manager with broadcast stations KMPC and KABC (radio); Kate Nelson, owner of the Palace Theater (live performance); and Mary Lou Dudas, vice president of A & amp; M Records (recording industry). Since 1999 the announcement of the Chamber has revealed only that Lestz (who received his own star in 2004) became chairman after Grant died in 2008. Their current official position is that "each of the five categories is represented by someone with expertise in that field ".
In 2010, Lestz was replaced as chairman by John Pavlik, former Director of Communications for the Academy of Art and Motion Picture Science. While no public announcement was made for it, he was identified as chairman of the Chamber press release announcing the recipient of the 2011 star. The current chair, according to the 2016 Chamber election announcement, is film producer Maureen Schultz.
Homage
Some fans show respect for the star recipients, both living and dead, by putting flowers or other symbolic treats on their stars. Others show their support in other ways; stars given to Julio Iglesias, for example, are kept in "pure conditions [women] devoted to women who rub and polish them once a month."
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has adopted the tradition of placing wreaths on the stars of the newly deceased scholars; such as Bette Davis in 1989, Katharine Hepburn in 2003, and Jackie Cooper in 2011. Other celebrity stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Pryor, Ricardo MontalbÃÆ'¡n, James Doohan, Frank Sinatra, Robin Williams, Joan Rivers and George Harrison has become a memorial site and an impromptu alert as well, and some continue to receive birthday memories.
See also
- List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
- List of actors with Hollywood Walk of Fame movie stars
- List of fame and street fame
References
External links
- Situs web resmi
- Video Kamar Dagang Hollywood Walk of Fame - YouTube
- Kamar Dagang Hollywood
- Peta Hollywood Star Walk: LA Times
- Daftar Bintang Hollywood Walk: LA Times
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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