San Jose ( ; Spanish for 'Saint Joseph';
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people. San Jose was founded on 29 November 1777, as Pueblo de San Josà © de Guadalupe, the first city founded in California. Following the American Conquest of California and its status as the next state in 1850, San Jose became the capital of the first state. After World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of surrounding towns and communities conducted in the 1950s and 1960s. The rapid growth of high-tech industries and electronics is increasingly accelerating the transition from agricultural centers to urban metropolitan areas. The 1990 US Census results show that San Jose has officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California. In the 1990s, San Jose and all of Silicon Valley had become a global center for high-tech and internet industries, making it the fastest-growing California economy.
San Jose is a global city, renowned for its center of innovation, for its prosperity, and high cost of living. The location of San Jose in the fast-growing high-tech industry, as a cultural, political, and economic center has made this city the nickname of "Silicon Valley Capital". San Jose is one of the richest cities in the United States and the world, and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world (after ZÃÆ'¼rich, Switzerland and Oslo, Norway), according to the Brookings Institution. The San Jose metropolitan area has the largest number of billionaires and billionaires in the United States per capita. With an average home price of $ 1,085,000, San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world, according to the 2017 International Demographic Framework Survey 201. Major global technology companies include Cisco Systems, eBay, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, Rhythms Design Systems, Adobe Systems, PayPal, Brocade, Samsung, Acer, and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose, in the center of Silicon Valley.
Video San Jose, California
History
Pre-Columbus Period
Santa Clara Valley is home to the Tamyen group of Ohlone people since about 4,000 BC. The Tamyen speaks Tamyen from the Ohlone language family. With Spanish colonization in California, the majority of Tamyen came to inhabit the Mission of Santa Clara de Asos and Mission San JosÃÆ'Â ©.
Spanish period
California claimed to be part of the Spanish Empire in 1542, when explorer Juan RodrÃÆ'guez Cabrillo charted the coast of California. During this time, California and Baja California are managed jointly as the Province of California (Spain: Provincia de las California ). For nearly 200 years, Californias were sparsely populated and ignored by the Viceroyalty of New Spain government in Mexico City. New in 1769, Northern California was finally surveyed by the Spanish authorities, with PortolÃÆ'¡ Expedition.
In 1776, Californias was included as part of Captain General Provincias Internas , a large administrative division created by JosÃÆ'Â © de GÃÆ'¡lvez, the Spanish Minister of the Indies, to grant greater autonomy. for slightly territorial and territorial border areas. That year, King Carlos III of Spain approved an expedition by Juan Bautista de Anza to survey the San Francisco Bay Area, to choose a location for two future settlements and accompanying missions. First he selected sites for military settlements in San Francisco, for the Royal Presidio San Francisco, and Mission San Francisco de Asós. On the way back to Mexico from San Francisco, de Anza selected sites in the Santa Clara Valley for civilian settlement, San Jose, on the eastern bank of the Guadalupe River, and a mission in the west bank Mission Santa Clara de AsÃÆ's.
San Jose was formally established as the first civil settlement in California on 29 November 1777, as Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe by JosÃÆ'Â Â © JoaquÃÆ'n Moraga, under the orders of Antonio MarÃÆ'a de Bucareli ñ UrsÃÆ'ºa, Viceroy of New Spain. San Jose serves as a strategic settlement alongside El Camino Real, connecting military fortresses in Monterey Presidio and Presidio San Francisco, as well as the California mission network. In 1791, due to the massive flood that marked the pueblo, the San Jose settlement was moved about a mile to the south, centered on the modern Pueblo Plaza (Plaza de CÃÆ' Â © sar ChÃÆ'¡vez).
In 1800, due to population growth in the northern part of Californias, Diego de Borica, the Governor of Californias, officially divides the province into two parts: Alta California ( Above California ), which will eventually become the US state, and Baja California ( California Bottom ), which will eventually become two states of Mexico.
Mexican Period
San Jose became part of the First Mexican Empire in 1821, after the Mexican War of Independence was won against the Spanish Crown, and in 1824, part of the First Mexican Republic. With its new independence, and the victory of the republican movement, Mexico aims to reduce the strength of the Catholic Church in Alta California by secularizing the California mission in 1833.
In 1824, to promote residential and economic activity in sparsely populated California, the Mexican government initiated an initiative, for Mexicans and foreigners, to complete vacant land in California. Between 1833 and 1845, thirty-eight rancho land grants were issued in the Santa Clara Valley, 15 of which lie on the modern San Jose border. Many prominent historical figures among those given rancho land in Santa Valley, including James A. Forbes, founder of Los Gatos, California (awarded Rancho Potrero de Santa Clara), Antonio SuÃÆ'Â ± ol, Alcalde San Jose (awarded Rancho Los Coches) , and JosÃÆ'Â © MarÃÆ'a Alviso, Alcalde of San Jose (given Rancho Milpitas).
In 1835, the population of San Jose about 700 people including 40 foreigners, mainly Americans and British. By 1845, the pueblo population had risen to 900, primarily due to American immigration. The foreign settlements in San Jose and California quickly transformed the California community, bringing growing economic opportunities and foreign cultures.
In 1846, natives of Californios have long expressed their concern over the lethargy of California society by the growing and rich Anglo-American community. On July 11, 1846, with the start of the Mexican-American War, Captain Thomas Fallon conquered San Jose in the name of the Bear Flag Raid for the Republic of California, formally ending the Mexican government in Alta California.
American Period
By the end of 1847, the California Conquest by the United States was completed, when the Mexican-American War ended. In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo officially ceded California to the United States, as part of the Mexican Cession. On December 15, 1849, San Jose became the unorganized capital of the California region. With California Signing into Union on September 9, 1850, San Jose became the nation's first capital.
On 27 March 1850, San Jose was founded. It was established on the same day as San Diego and Benicia; together, these three cities follow Sacramento as the earliest city in California. Josiah Belden, who had settled in California in 1842 after crossing the California Trail as part of the Bartleson Party and later acquiring wealth, was the city's first mayor. San Jose is the capital of the first state of California; legislators met in town from 1849 to 1851. (Monterey was the capital during the Spanish period of California and Mexico California). The first capitol no longer exists; Plaza de CÃÆ' Â © sar ChÃÆ'¡vez is now located on the site, which has two historical markers that show where the California state legislature first met.
In the period 1900 to 1910, San Jose served as a center for discovery, innovation, and the pioneering impact in aviation that was lighter than air and heavier than air. These activities are mainly led by John Montgomery and his colleagues. The city of San Jose has founded Montgomery Park, a Monument in San Felipe and Yerba Buena Roads, and John J. Montgomery Elementary School in his honor. During this period, San Jose also became an innovation center for mechanization/industrialization of agricultural and food processing equipment.
Although not as affected by San Francisco, San Jose also suffered significant damage from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. More than 100 people died at Agnews Asylum (later Agnews State Hospital) after walls and roofs collapsed, and brick and brick buildings of San Jose High School was also destroyed. The period during World War II was a tumultuous time. Japanese Americans especially from Japantown are sent to internment camps, including future mayor Norman Mineta. After the Los Angeles riot zoot suit, anti-Mexican violence occurred during the summer of 1943. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported a 98% white San Jose population.
When World War II began, the city economy shifted from agriculture (Del Monte canning was the largest company and closed in 1999) to industrial manufacturing under contract from Food Machinery Corporation (later known as FMC Corporation) by the United States Department of War. to build 1,000 Tracked Landing Vehicles. After World War II, FMC (later United Defense, and currently BAE Systems) continues as defense contractors, with San Jose facilities designing and building military platforms such as the M113 Armored Personnel Carrier, the Bradley Fighting Vehicle, and various subsystems of the M1 Abrams battle tank.
IBM established its headquarters on the West Coast in San Jose in 1943 and opened a central research and development center in the city in 1952. Both proved to be a harbinger for San Jose's economy, as Reynold Johnson and his team would later find RAMAC, as well as hard disk drives, and the technological side of San Jose's economy grew.
Ford Motor Company moved its plant in Richmond to a new location on the outskirts of Milpitas, called the San Jose Assembly Factory, which is one of the premier locations for the Ford Mustang.
During the 1950s and 1960s, City Manager A. P. "Dutch" Hamann led the city in a massive growth campaign. The city has annexed nearby areas, such as Alviso and Cambrian Park, providing large areas for the suburbs. The anti-growth reaction to the effects of rapid development emerged in the 1970s, which was championed by the mayors of Norman Mineta and Janet Gray Hayes. Despite establishing urban growth limits, development costs, and the incorporation of Campbell and Cupertino, development is not slowed down, but is directed to existing areas.
On 3 April 1979, the San Jose City Council adopted San JosÃÆ'Â © , with diacritical marks on "e", as the city's name spell on city seal, official stationery, office office and department name. Also, by city council convention, this spelling San JosÃÆ'Â © is used when the name is expressed in capital letters and mixed letters, but not when the name is expressed only in capital letters. Accents reflect the Spanish version of the name, and the decrease of accent in letter-writing is typical in Spanish. While San José is generally spelled with and without an acute accent above "e", the city's official guides indicate that it should be spelled with accents most of the time and set narrow exceptions, such as when spelling in the URL, when the name appears in all capital letters, when the name was used on social media sites where diacritical marks were not rendered properly, and where San Jose was part of the proper name of other organizations or businesses, such as the San Jose Chamber of Commerce Silicon Valley, who had chosen not to use the name marked with an accent. City names without accents can still be found in the 1965 Charter document, as amended, officially chartering the municipality as San Jose City . Similarly, city websites seem to use a mixture of both; for example, "City of San JosÃÆ'Â ©" in the text using marks but the logo image of "San Jose City" is not.
The position of San Jose in Silicon Valley triggers economic growth and further population. The results of the 1990 US Census show that San Jose surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in the Bay Area for the first time. This growth led to the highest increase in housing costs in the country, 936% between 1976 and 2001. Efforts to increase the density continued into the 1990s when renewal of the urban plan of 1974 kept the urban growth limits intact and voters rejected the size of the ballot for alleviate developmental restrictions in the foothills. Sixty percent of the housing built in San Jose since 1980 and more than three quarters of the housing built since 2000 have become multi-family structures, reflecting the political propensity to Smart Intelligence planning principles.
Maps San Jose, California
Geography
San Jose is located on 37Ã,  ° 20? 07? N 121Ã,  ° 53? 31? W . According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​180.0 sq mi (466 km 2 ), where 3.4 m² (8.8 km 2 ) (1 , 91%) is water.
San Jose is located between the San Andreas Fault, the source of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, and the Calaveras Fault. San Jose rocked a moderate earthquake on average one or two times a year. The quake originates east of the city in the creeping section of Calaveras Fault, which is the main source of earthquake activity in Northern California. On April 14, 1984, at 1:15 pm local time, a magnitude 6.2 quake struck Calavian Gorge near Mount San Jose, Hamilton. The most serious earthquake, in 1906, damaged many buildings in San Jose as described earlier. Significant earthquakes rocked the city in 1839, 1851, 1858, 1864, 1865, 1868, and 1891. The Daly City earthquake of 1957 caused some damage. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake has also damaged several parts of the city. Other mistakes near San Jose are the Monte Vista Fault and the Hayward Disturbance Zone.
Cityscape
The city is generally divided into the following areas: Downtown San Jose, Central, San Jose West, North San Jose, East San Jose, and South San Jose. Many of these areas were originally unrelated communities or separate municipalities that were later annexed by the city.
In addition to the above mentioned, several well-known communities in San Jose include Japantown, Rose Garden, Midtown San Jose, Willow Glen, Naglee Park, Burbank, Winchester, Alviso, East Foothills, Alum Rock, Little Portugal, Blossom Valley, Cambrian, Almaden Valley , Silver Creek Valley, Evergreen Valley, Edenvale, Santa Teresa, Seven Trees, Coyote Valley, and Berryessa.
The city's major highways include Monterey Road, Stevens Creek Boulevard/San Carlos Street corridor, Santa Clara Street/Alum Rock Avenue corridor, Almaden Expressway, Capitol Expressway and 1st Street (San Jose).
Expansion
The San Jose expansion was made by the "Dutch" design of Hamann, City Manager 1950-1969. During his reign, with his staff referred to as the "Dutch Panzer Division", the city annexed 1,389 properties, growing cities from 17 to 149 square miles (44 to 386 km 2 ), absorbing the communities mentioned above, changing their status to "environment."
They say San JosÃÆ'Â © will become another Los Angeles. Believe me, I will do everything in my power to make it happen.
Sales tax is the main source of income. Hamann will determine where the major shopping spots are, and then attach a narrow band of land along the main highway that leads to these locations, pushing the tentacles across the Santa Clara Valley and, in turn, closing the expansion of adjacent communities.
During his reign, it was said that the City Council would vote according to Hamann's nod. In 1963, the State of California enacted a Commission on the Establishment of Local Bodies throughout the state, but most sought to maintain order with the aggressive growth of San Jose. Finally the political forces fighting growth grow when the local environment is tied together to vote for their own candidates, ending Hamann's influence and leading to his resignation. While the work was incomplete, the trend was set. The city has defined the sphere of influence in all directions, sometimes with a mess of leaving unrelated bags to be swallowed by the giant, sometimes even over the objections of the inhabitants.
Topography
The Guadalupe River flows from the Santa Cruz Mountains (which separates the South Bay from the Pacific Coast) flows north through San Jose, ending in San Francisco Bay in Alviso. Along the southern part of the river is the Almaden Valley neighborhood, originally named after mercury mines that produced the mercury needed for extraction of gold from quartz during the California Gold Rush as well as explosive mercury fulminate caps and detonators for the US military from 1870 to 1945. East of the Guadalupe River, Coyote Creek also flowed to the south of San Francisco Bay and hails on Mount Sizer near Henry W. Coe State Park and the surrounding hills in the Diablo Range, northeast of Morgan Hill, California.
The lowest point in San Jose is 13 feet (4.0 m) below sea level in San Francisco Bay in Alviso; The highest is 2,125 feet (648 m). Due to its proximity to the Lick Observatory at Mount Hamilton, San Jose has taken several steps to reduce light pollution, including replacing all streetlights and outdoor lighting in personal development with low-pressure sodium lamps. To recognize the city's efforts, the asteroid 6216 San Jose is named according to the city.
San Jose is close to the Pacific Ocean and close to San Francisco Bay (a fraction of its northern border touches the bay). Santa Clara Valley is a population center of the Bay Area and, like hubs and wheel radius, surrounding communities out of the valley. This growth, in part, has shaped the larger Bay Area as it is today in terms of geographical distribution of population and the trend of suburbanization away from the valley.
There are four different valleys in the city of San Jose: Almaden Valley, located on the southwestern outskirts of the city; Evergreen Valley to the southeast, hilly all over the inside; Santa Clara Valley, which includes a major expanse of cities in South Bay; and the rural Coyote Valley, to the extreme southern suburbs of the city.
Climate
San Jose, like most of the Bay Area, has a Mediterranean climate (KÃÆ'¶ppen Csb ). San Jose has an average of 301 days of sunshine and an average annual temperature of 60.5 ° F (15.8 ° C). It's located inland, surrounded on three sides by the mountains, and not in front of the Pacific Ocean like San Francisco. As a result, the city is somewhat more protected from rain, giving it semiarid feelings with an average annual rainfall of 15.82 inches or 401.8 millimeters, compared to some other parts of the Bay Area, which can receive about three times that amount.
Like most of the Bay Area, San Jose consists of dozens of microclimates. Due to the more prominent shadow of rain from the Santa Cruz Mountains, Downtown San Jose experienced the lightest rainfall in the city, while South San Jose, just 10 miles (16 km) away, experienced more rain, and temperatures were rather extreme.
Daily average daily temperatures range from about 50 ° F (10 ° C) in December and January to about 70 ° F (21.1 ° C) in July and August. The highest temperature ever recorded in San Jose was 109 Â ° F (42.8 Â ° C) on June 14, 2000; the lowest was 19 Â ° F (-7.2 Â ° C) on December 22-23, 1990. On average, there are 2.7 am each year where the temperature drops to or below the freezing sign, and sixteen in the afternoon at where the altitude is or exceeds 90 Â ° F or 32.2 Â ° C. The diurnal temperature variation is much wider than along the coast or in San Francisco but still a shadow of what is seen in Central Valley.
With light rainfall, San Jose and the surrounding area are about 300 full days or partly sunny each year. The rain occurs mainly in the months from November to April. During the winter and spring, the hills and fields are turned green with grass and vegetation, although the trees are slightly changed. With the onset of the drought's hot summer season, the plants die and dry, giving the hills a golden cover which, unfortunately, also provides fuel for grass fires.
The measurable rain down in downtown San Jose averages 59 days a year. "Rain year" rainfall has ranged from 4.83 inches (122.7 mm) between July 1876 and June 1877 to 30.30 inches (769.6 mm) between July 1889 and June 1890, albeit at its current location since 1893 range from 5.77 inches (146.6 mm) in "rainy years" from 1975-76 to 30.25 inches (768.3 mm) in the "rainy year" 1982-83. The most rainfall in one month was 12.38 inches (314.5 mm) in January 1911. The maximum rainfall of 24 hours was 3.60 inches (91.4 mm) on 30 January 1968. Although the summer season is usually quite dry in San Jose, was a terrific thunderstorm on August 21, 1968, carrying 1.92 inches (48.8 mm) rain, causing flooding.
Snow levels fall as low as 2,000 feet (610 m) above sea level, or lower, occasionally coat the nearby Mount Hamilton, and more rarely, the Santa Cruz Mountains, with snow that usually lasts for several days. The snow will cause traffic to collapse on State Route 17 to Santa Cruz. The snow rarely falls in San Jose; The most recent snow to remain on the ground was on February 5, 1976, when many residents around the city saw as much as 3 inches (0.076 m) in cars and roofs. The official observation station measures only 0.5 inches (0.013 m) of snow.
Garden
San Jose has approximately 15,950 acres (parks) in the city limits, including parts of the extensive Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Sanctuary. The oldest park in the city is Alum Rock Park, founded in 1872. In the ParkScore 2013 ranking, The Trust for Public Land, a national soil conservation organization, reports that San Jose is tied with Albuquerque and Omaha as it has the best 11th garden system in among the 50 most populous US cities.
- Almaden Quicksilver County Park, 4,147 acres (16,78 km 2 ) from a former mercury mine in South San Jose (operated and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of Santa Clara County).
- Alum Rock Park, 718 acres in San Jose East, California's oldest city park and one of the largest urban parks in the United States.
- Discovery Museum Children have outdoor garden-like settings, featuring the world's largest permanent monopoly game, per the Guinness Book of World Records. Caregivers for this attraction include 501 (c) 3 non-profit groups Monopoly in the Park.
- Circle of Palms Plaza, a palm tree circle that surrounds the California state seal and historic buildings at the site of the first state House building
- Emma Prusch Farm Park, 43.5 acres (17.6 hectares) in East San Jose. Donated by Emma Prusch to demonstrate the past of the valley farm, it includes the 4-H warehouses (the largest in San Jose), community gardens, rare fruit gardens, demonstration gardens, picnic areas, and lawns.
- Field Sports Park, the only public shootout area in Santa Clara County, south of San Jose
- Kelley Park, including various facilities like Happy Hollow Park & ​​â € <â € < Zoo, Japan Friendship Park (Kelley Park), History Park at Kelley Park, and the Portuguese History Museum inside the historical park
- Martial Cottle Park, a former agricultural farm, in South San Jose. Operated by Santa Clara County Parks and Recreation Department
- Oak Hill Memorial Park, California's oldest secular cemetery
- Excess Garden, including Chinese Cultural Park
- Plaza de CÃÆ' Â © sar ChÃÆ'¡vez, a small park in Downtown, hosts outdoor concerts and Christmas gigs in the park
- Raging Waters, water park with water slide and other water attractions. It is located inside Lake Cunningham Park
- Rosicrucian Park, almost the entire city block in the Rose Garden neighborhood; The park offers an Egyptian and Moorish architecture setting between grasses, rose gardens, sculptures and fountains, and includes the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, Planetarium, Research Library, Peace Park, and Visitor Center
- San Jose Flea Market
- San Jose Municipal Rose Garden 1 / 2 acre (22,000 m 2 ) garden in the Rose Garden neighborhood, featuring over 4,000 rose bushes
Path
A 2011 study by Walk Score rated San Jose the nineteenth most passable of the fifty largest cities in the United States.
San Jose's network of impressive 60-mile (100 km) recreational and active transportation routes throughout the city. The main lines within the network include:
- Coyote Creek Trail
- Guadalupe River Trail
- Los Gatos Creek Route
- Los Alamitos Creek Path
- Penitencia Creek Trail
- The Silver River Valley Trail
The impressive footprint of this massive urban network, recognized by Prevention Magazine as the largest in the country, is linked to the tracks around jurisdictions and many rural roads around open spaces and foothills. Some road systems within the network are designated as part of the National Recreation Line, as well as regional routes such as the San Francisco Bay Line and the Bay Area Ridge Trail.
Wildlife
The initial written document records the local presence of migrating salmon in Rio Guadalupe since the 18th century. Both steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and king salmon still exist in the Guadalupe River, making San Jose the largest city in southern US with famous salmon spawning, other cities are Anchorage, Alaska; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon, and Sacramento, California. Walking up to 1,000 Chinooks or King Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) swam into the Guadalupe River every autumn in the 1990s, but everything has disappeared in this decade that seems blocked from access to breeding grounds by culverts the impassable, weir and wide open paved asphalt channel installed by the Santa Clara Valley Water District. In 2011 a small amount of Chinook salmon was filmed spawning under the Julian Street bridge.
On the southern edge of San Josà © Å ©, the Coyote Valley is the corridor for wildlife migration between the Santa Cruz Mountains and the Diablo Range.
Demographics
In 2014, the US Census Bureau released its new population forecast. With a population of 1,015,785, San Jose became the 11th city in the US that reached 1 million marks, although it is currently the 10th most populous city.
2010
The US Census 2010 reports that San Jose has a population of 945,942. Population density is 5,256.2 people per square mile (2,029.4/km ²). San Jose's racial makeup is 404,437 (42.8%) White, 303.138 (32.0%) Asia (10.4% Vietnam, 6.7% China, 5.6% Philippines, 4.6% India, 1.2 % Korea, 1.2% Japan, 0.3% Cambodia, 0.2% Thailand, 0.2% Pakistan, 0.2% Laotian), 30.242 (3.2%) African American, 8.297 (0.9% ) Native Americans, 4,017 (0.4%) Pacific Islands, 148,749 (15.7%) of other races, and 47,062 (5.0%) of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race is 313,636 people (33.2%). 28.2% of the urban population is of Mexican descent; The next largest Hispanic groups are the people of Salvadoran (0.7%) and Puerto Rican (0.5%) inheritance. Non-Hispanic Whites were 28.7% of the population in 2010, down from 75.7% in 1970.
The Census reported that 932,620 people (98.6% of the population) lived in households, 9,542 (1.0%) living in non-institutionalized groups, and 3,780 (0.4%) instituted. There were 301,366 households, of which 122,958 (40.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 162,819 (54.0%) were married couples living together, 37,988 (12.6%) has a female household without a husband now, 18,702 (6.2%) owns a householder male in the absence of a wife. There are 16,900 (5.6%) unmarried partners of the opposite sex, and 2,458 (0.8%) couples or same-sex married couples. 59,385 households (19.7%) were made up of individuals and 18,305 (6.1%) had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size is 3.09. There were 219,509 families (72.8% of all households); the average family size is 3.54.
Urban age distribution is as follows: 234,678 people (24.8%) are under 18 years old, 89,457 persons (9.5%) aged 18 to 24, 294,399 persons (31.1%) aged 25 to 44, 232,166 people 24.5%)) aged 45 to 64 years, and 95,242 persons (10.1%) aged 65 years or older. The median age was 35.2 years. For every 100 women, there are 101.1 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 99.8 men.
There are 314,038 housing units with an average density of 1,745.0 per square mile (673.7 km/h,) of which 176,216 (58.5%) are occupied owners, and 125,150 (41.5%) are occupied by tenants. Homeowner vacancy rate is 1.6%; rental vacancy rate is 4.3%. 553.436 people (58.5% of the population) live in housing units occupied by owners and 379,184 people (40.1%) live in rental housing units.
2000
In the 2000 census, there were 894,943 people, 276,598 households, and 203,576 families living in the city.
Population density was 5,117.9 people per square mile (1.976.1/km ²). There are 281,841 housing units with an average density of 1,611.8 per square mile (622.3/km²). Of 276,598 households, 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 11.7% had unmarried female households present, and 26.4% is not family. 18.4% of all households were individual and 4.9% had a living person aged 65 or older. The average household size is 3.20 and the average family size is 3.62.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 26.4% below the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% 65 years or older. The mean age is 33 years. For every 100 females, there are 103.3 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 102.5 men.
According to 2007 estimates, the average income for urban households is the highest in the US for each city with more than a quarter of a million inhabitants at $ 76,963 per year. The average income for families is $ 86,822. Men have an average income of $ 49,347 versus $ 36,936 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 26,697. About 6.0% of families and 8.8% of the population are below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under the age of 18 and 7.4% of those aged 65 years or older.
Economy
The cost of living in San Jose and the surrounding area is among the highest in California and the country, according to 2004 data. Housing costs are the main reason for high living costs, although costs in all areas tracked by the ACCRA Living Cost Index are above average national. Households in city limits have the highest disposable income in any city in the US with over 500,000 inhabitants.
San Jose holds the distinction as the United States Foreign Trade Zone. The City received a Foreign Trade Zone grant from the US Federal Government in 1974, making it the 18th foreign trade zone established in the United States. Under the grant, the City of San Jose is granted jurisdiction to oversee and manage foreign trade in Santa Clara County, Monterey County, San Benito County, Santa Cruz County, and in the southern parts of San Mateo County and Alameda County.
San Jose lists many companies with 1,000 or more employees, including Adobe headquarters, Altera, Brocade Communications Systems, Rhythms Design Systems, Cisco Systems, eBay, Lee Sandwiches, Lumileds, PayPal, Rosendin Electric, Sanmina-SCI, and Xilinx, as well as a key facility for Becton Dickinson, Ericsson, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi, IBM, Kaiser Permanente, Tencor KLA, Lockheed Martin, Nippon Sheet Glass, Qualcomm and AF Media Group. The headquarters of Samsung Semiconductor North America is located in San Jose. About 2,000 employees will work on the new Samsung campus opened in 2015.
Other large companies based in San Jose include Altera, Atmel, CEVA, Cypress Semiconductor, Echelon, Extreme Networking, Harmonic, Integrated Device Technology, Integrated Maxim, Micrel, Move, Netgear, Novellus Systems, Oclaro, OCZ, Online Trade Academy, Quantum , SunPower, Shark Sports and Entertainment, Supermicro, Tessera Technologies, TiVo, Ultratech, and VeriFone. Significant government entrepreneurs include the city government, Santa Clara County, and San Jose State University. Acer's American division has offices in San Jose. Before closing, Netcom had its headquarters in San Jose.
On July 31, 2015, Apple Inc. based in Cupertino bought a 40-acre site in San Jose. This site, which is a vacant lot, will be the location of the research office and campus where it is estimated that up to 16,000 employees will be deployed. Apple paid $ 138.2 million in cash for the site. The seller, Connecticut's Five Mile Capital Partners, paid $ 40 million for the site in 2010. Real estate experts hope that other technology companies currently located in Silicon Valley will also follow Apple's footsteps by buying land or property in San Jose.
Silicon Valley
The large concentration of high-tech engineering firms, computers, and microprocessors around San Jose has led an area known as Silicon Valley. School areas like the University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Santa Cruz, San Jose State University, San Francisco State University, California State University, East Bay, Santa Clara University and Stanford University pump thousands of engineering and computer science graduates into the local economy year.
The people of San Jose produce more US patents than any other city. On October 15, 2015, the United States Patent and Trademark Office opened a satellite office in San Jose to serve Silicon Valley and the Western United States. Thirty-five percent of all US venture capital funds are invested in San Jose and Silicon Valley companies. In April 2018, Google was in the process of planning the "Silicon Valley's largest technology campus" in San Jose.
In January 2014, Forbes magazine reported that Careerbliss.com has rated the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara metro area as the happiest place to work in the United States. The report cites the large concentrations of tech jobs that typically offer high salaries and growth opportunities, in addition to providing companies a "fun and innovative work environment" as some of the reasons for ranking.
The high economic growth during tech bubbles caused employment, housing prices, and traffic congestion to peak in the late 1990s. As the economy slowed in early 2000, work and traffic congestion declined somewhat. In mid-2000, traffic along main highways again worsened as the economy improved. San Jose had 405,000 jobs within the city limits in 2006, and the unemployment rate was 4.6%. In 2000, San Jose residents had the highest median household income in any city in the United States with a population of over 300,000, and currently has the highest average income in each US city with more than 280,000 people.
On March 14, 2013, San Jose implemented a public wireless connection in the city center. The wireless access point is placed on outdoor lamp posts throughout the city.
Media
San Jose is served by the Greater Bay Area media. The print media in San Jose include San Jose Mercury News , weekly Metro Silicon Valley , El Observador and Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal . NBC O & amp; O, KNTV 11 from Bay Area, based in San Jose. In total, broadcasters in the Bay Area include 34 television stations, 25 AM radio stations, and 55 FM radio stations.
In April 1909, Charles David Herrold, an electronic instructor in San Jose, built a radio station to broadcast human voices. The station, "San Jose Calling" (the FNW call letter, then FQW), is the world's first radio station with scheduled programming targeted at the general public. The station became the first to broadcast music in 1910. Herrold's wife, Sybil, became the first female "disk jockey" in 1912. The station changed hands several times before becoming KCBS today in San Francisco. Therefore, KCBS is technically the oldest radio station in the United States, and celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2009 with much fanfare.
Top entrepreneurs
As of June 30, 2017, the top companies in the city are:
Culture
Architecture
Since the downtown area is on the flight path to the nearby San Jose Mineta International Airport (also proved in the panorama above), there is a height limit for buildings in the downtown area, which is under the corridor of the last approach to the airport. The altitude limit is determined by local regulations, driven by the distance from the runway and the slope specified by Federal Aviation Administration rules. The core downtown building is limited to about 300 feet (91 m) but can be higher than the airport.
There has been widespread criticism over the last few decades of urban architecture. Residents complain that San Jose lacks an aesthetic architectural style. Blamed for this lack of architectural "beauty" it can be commissioned for the redevelopment of downtown areas from the 1950s onwards, where entire blocks of commercial buildings and historic housing are destroyed. Exceptions to this include the Downtown Historic District, the Hotel De Anza, and the Hotel Sainte Claire, both listed in the National Register of Historic Places for architectural and historical purposes.
The construction projects of city buildings have experimented more with architectural style than most private companies. The Children's Discovery Museum, Museum of Technology Innovation, and the Jose Jose Repertory Theater building have experimented with bold colors and unusual exterior. New Town Hall, designed by Richard Meier & amp; Partners, opened in 2005 and is an important addition to the city's ever-growing collection of city development projects.
San Jose has many examples of homes with great architecture. The late 19th century and early 20th century styles existed in environments such as Hanchett Park, Naglee Park, Rose Garden, and Willow Glen (including Palm Haven).
Styles termasuk Craftsman, Mission Revival, Prairie style, dan Queen Anne style Victorian.
Leading architects include Frank Delos Wolfe, Theodore Lenzen, Charles McKenzie. and Julia Morgan
Visual art
Public art is a growing attraction in the city. The city was one of the first to adopt public art regulations at 2% of the capital expenditure project budget, and the outcome of this commitment began to affect the city's visual landscape. There are a large number of public art projects throughout the downtown area, and growing collections in newer civilian locations in the neighborhood including libraries, parks, and fire stations. Of special note, Mineta Airport's expansion incorporates art and technology programs into its development.
In an early effort in the public arts, there was an important controversy. Two examples include the Quetzalcoatl statue in the controversial center of the city in its planning because some religious groups feel that it is pagan, and controversial in its implementation because many feel that the last statue by Robert Graham is not very similar to the winged serpent, and more famous because it costs more than aesthetics. This resulted in locals joking that the statue resembles a pile of dirt.
The statue of Thomas Fallon also met with strong resistance from those who felt that people like him were largely responsible for the depletion of the original indigenous population and Chicano/Latin activists protesting against him capturing San Jose by force of violence in the Mexican-American War (1846) as "oppressed" historical documents from Fallon ordered the expulsion of most Californio (early Spanish or Mexican) residents. In October 1991 after protests in the celebration of Columbus Day and Dia de la Raza, the Fallon sculpture plan was canceled and the statue was kept in a warehouse in Oakland for over a decade. The statue was returned to the public display in 2002, albeit in a less conspicuous location: Pellier Park, a small triangular patch formed by a combination of West and West St. West streets. James.
In 2001, the city was sponsored by SharkByte, an ornamental shark exhibit, based on the hockey team mascot, San Jose Sharks, and mimics the look of a cow decorated in Chicago. Large model ornaments are decorated in a variety of clever, colorful, or creative ways by local artists and then displayed for months at dozens of locations around the city. Many exhibits were removed earlier due to vandalism. After the exhibition, sharks are auctioned and the proceeds are donated to charity. Sharks can still be found in the homes and businesses of their new owners.
In 2006, Adobe Systems commissioned an art installation titled San Jose Semaphore by Ben Rubin, located at the top of its headquarters building. Semaphores consist of four LED discs that "spin" to send messages. The content of the San Jose Semaphore message remained a mystery until it was solved in August 2007. The visual art installation is equipped with an audio track, transmitted from the building at a low power AM station. Audio tracks provide instructions for decoding messages that are being sent.
Performing arts
The city is home to many performing arts companies, including the San Jose Opera, the Silicon Valley Symphony, San Jose's Silicon Valley Ballet, sjDANCEco, San Jose Children's Music Theater, San Jose Youth Symphony, San Jose Repertory Theater, The Tabard Theater Company, the San Jose Stage Company, and the now defunct San Jose American Music Theater that was replaced by Broadway San Jose in partnership with San Jose's Team. San Jose is also home to the San Jose Museum of Art, one of the country's premier Modern Art museums. The annual Cinequest Film Festival in the city center has grown to over 60,000 participants per year, becoming an important festival for independent films. Asian Asian Asian Film Festival is an annual event, held in San Francisco, Berkeley, and Downtown San Jose. About 30 to 40 films are screened in San Jose every year in Camera 12 Downtown Cinemas. The San Jose Jazz Festival is one of many great events held throughout the year.
The SAP Center in San Jose is one of the most active venues for events in the world. According to Billboard Magazine and Pollstar, the arena sells the most tickets to non-sport events everywhere in the United States, and third in the world after Manchester Evening News Arena in Manchester, England and Bell Center in Montreal, Canada. , for the period from 1 January to 30 September 2004. Including sporting events, the SAP Center averaged 184 events per year, or roughly one event for every two days, which is significantly higher than the average for the NHL arena.
Sports
San Jose is home to the San Jose Sharks of the NHL, San Jose Barracuda of AHL, and San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer. The Sharks and Barracuda play at the SAP Center in San Jose. The earthquake built 18,000 new stadiums opened in March 2015. San Jose is a founding member of the California League and Pacific Coast League in a small baseball league. San Jose currently spans the San Jose Giants, a High-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. The NFL San Francisco 49ers call neighboring Santa Clara, a California home.
San Jose has "aggressively wooed" Oakland Athletics to move to San Jose from nearby Oakland, and Athletics in turn says that San Jose is their "best choice", but the San Francisco Giants have so far vetoed this proposal.. In 2013, the city of San Jose sued Major League Baseball for not allowing Athletics to move to San Jose. On 5 October 2015, the United States Supreme Court rejected San Jose's offer to Athletics.
From 2005 to 2007, the San Jose Grand Prix, an annual street circuit race in the Champ Car World Series, was held in the city center. Other races include the Trans-Am Series, the Toyota Atlantic Championship, the US Touring Car Championship, the Historic Stock Car Racing Series, and the Formula D Drift racing competition.
In 2004, the San Jose Sports Authority hosted a US Olympic team trial for judo, taekwondo, trampolining, and rhythmic gymnastics at the San Jose State Event Center. In 2008, about 90 percent of US Olympic team members were processed at San Jose State University before traveling to the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The 2009 Junior Olympics for trampolines are also held here.
In August 2004, San Jose Seahawk Rugby Football Club hosted the All-Star Rugby Sevens Championship at Watson Bowl, east of Downtown. San Jose State hosted the 2011 American Collegiate American Hockey Association (ACHA) national tournament. The Boys' Basketball Tournament of the NCAA Division is also often held in San Jose.
Landmarks
San Jose's famous landmarks include San Jose Children's Discovery Museum, Historic Park at Kelley Park, Cathedral Basilica Joseph, Plaza de CÃÆ' Â © sar ChÃÆ'¡vez, Libraries. Martin Luther King, Jr., Mexican Heritage Plaza, Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, Lick Observatory, Hayes Mansion, SAP Center at San Jose, De Anza Hotel, San Jose Improv, Sikh Gurdwara - San Jose, Adobe Peralta, San Jose Municipal Stadium, Spartan Stadium , San Jose Japantown, Winchester Mystery House, Raging Waters, Circle of Palms Plaza, San Jose City Hall, San Jose Flea Market, Oak Hill Memorial Park, San Jose electric light tower and The Tech Museum of Innovation.
Museums and agencies
- San Jose Children's Discovery Museum
- The History Park at Kelley Park
- Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies, home of the largest Beethoven collection outside Europe
- Dr. Martin Luther King Library, Jr., the largest US public library west of the Mississippi River
- Mexican Heritage Plaza, a museum and cultural center for Mexican Americans in the area
- Movimiento de Arte y Cultura Latino Americana is an inclusive contemporary art museum based on the Chicano/Latino experience
- SoFA District, downtown art and entertainment district
- Portuguese History Museum
- The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, the largest collection of Egyptian artifacts on display in the western United States, is located in Rosicrucian Park
- San Jose Museum of Art
- The San Jose East Carnegie Branch Library is famous for being the last of the Carnegie libraries still operating in San Jose, and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
- Technology Innovation Museum
- The San Jose Steam Railroad Museum, proposed, artifacts, and rolling stock is kept at the fairgrounds and Kelley Park
- History of San JosÃÆ'Â ©
- Japanese American Museum of San Jose, Japanese-American history museum
- Old American Bank Building historic buildings
- San Jose Museum of Quilts & amp; Textiles, the first museum in America dedicated solely to blankets and textiles as an art form
- Viet Museum, Vietnam-American history museum
Law and government
Local
San Jose is a charter city under California law, giving it the power to enforce local regulations that may be contrary to state law, within the limits specified by the charter. The city has a council-managerial government with a city manager nominated by the mayor and elected by the city council.
The San Jose City Council is made up of ten councilors elected by the district, and a mayor elected by the entire city. During city council meetings, the mayor presides, and the eleven members can vote for any matter. The mayor has no veto power. Councilors and mayors elected for a term of four years; even numbered district council members beginning in 1994; mayors and members of the odd-numbered district councils beginning in 1996. Each member of the council represents about 100,000 constituents.
Board members and mayors are limited to two consecutive terms of office, although a board member who has reached the deadline may be elected mayor, and vice versa. The council elects the deputy mayor of the council members at the second meeting of this year after council elections. The member of this board acts as mayor during the temporary mayoral absence, but unsuccessfully to the mayor's office in a vacancy.
The City Manager is the chief administrative officer of the city, and must present an annual budget for approval by the city council. When the office is empty, the Mayor proposes a candidate to the City Manager, subject to the approval of the council. The Board appoints the Manager for an unlimited period of time, and may at any time remove the manager, or the voter may remove the manager through the withdrawal selection. Other municipal officers appointed directly by the council include the City Procuratorate, City Auditor, City Officer, and Independent Police Auditor. Like all cities and counties in the state, San Jose has representatives in the state legislature.
Like all cities in California except San Francisco, neither the level nor the boundaries of what is controlled by the municipality is determined by the Commission on the Establishment of Local Bodies (LAFCO). The goal of LAFCO is to try to avoid uncontrolled urban sprawl. Santa Clara County LAFCO has set the limits of the "San Jose Influence Scope" (shown by the blue line on the map near the top of the page) as a superset of the actual city limits (yellow area on the map), plus sections around unrelated county land , where San Jose can, for example, prevent the development of the periphery to concentrate urban growth closer to the core of the city. LAFCO also defines the Sphere subgroup as the 'Urban Service Area' (shown by the red line on the map), effectively limiting development to areas where urban infrastructure (sewers, electrical services, etc.) already exist.
San Jose is the county district of Santa Clara County. Thus, many local government facilities are located in the city, including County Executive offices, Supervisory Board, District Prosecutor's Office, eight courthouses from the High Court, Sheriff's Office, and County Clerk.
State and federal
In the California State Senate, San Jose is divided between districts 10, 15, and 17, represented by Democrat Bob Wieckowski, Democrat Jim Beall, and Democrat Bill Monning respectively.
In the California State Assembly, San Jose is divided between 25, 27, 28, and 29 districts, represented by Democrats Kansen Chu, Democrat Ash Kalra, Democrat Low Evan, and Democrat Mark Stone, respectively.
Federal, San Jose is divided between the congress districts of the 17th, 18th and 19th in California, represented by Democrats Ro Khanna, Democrat Anna Eshoo, and Democrat Zoe Lofgren, respectively.
Several state and federal agencies have offices in San Jose. This city is the location of the Sixth District of the California High Court. It is also home to one of three courthouses from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, two others in Oakland and San Francisco.
Crime
The San Jose Police Department has consistently innovated in crime prevention, through programs like "CrimeReports.com", which made San Jose the first American city to make all 911 calls available online. The crime in San Jose is lower than in other major American cities until 2013, when crime rates in San Jose rise above the California and US average. Like most large cities, crime rates declined significantly after increasing in the 1980s. Today is no longer classified as one of the safest cities in the country with a population of over 1,000,000 people. This determination is based on crime statistics reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in six categories: murder, rape, robbery, aggravated aggression, robbery, and car theft.
Most recently, the city has the second-worst violent crime rate of any city with 500,000 or more inhabitants, just behind Honolulu. However, the killings since 2011 soared; there are 20 murder cases in 2010, 42 in 2011, 46 in 2012, and 44 in 2013.
Education
Higher education
San Jose is home to several colleges and universities. The largest is San Jose State University, founded by the California legislature in 1862 as California State Normal School, and is a founding college of the California State University (CSU) system. Located in downtown San Jose since 1870, the university enrolls about 30,000 students in more than 130 different undergraduate and master's degree programs. The school enjoys a good academic reputation, particularly in engineering, business, art and design, and journalism, and is consistently among the leading state universities in the western United States. San Jose State is one of only three Bay Area schools that include the Football Bowl Football Subdivision (FBS) I football team; Stanford University and U.C. Berkeley are the other two.
The University of California Management and Technology (CALMAT) offers many degree programs, including MBA, Computer Science, Information Technology. Most of the classes are offered online and on the downtown campus. Many students work in Silicon Valley.
The Lincoln Law School of San Jose and the University of Silicon Valley Law School offer a law degree, which serves working professionals.
The National University maintains the campus in San Jose.
San Jose Campus Golden Gate University offers business graduates and MBA degrees.
In the metropolitan area of ​​San Jose, Stanford University is in Stanford, California, Santa Clara University is in Santa Clara, California, and U.C. Santa Cruz is in Santa Cruz, California. In the San Francisco Bay Area, other universities include U.C. Berkeley, U.C. San Francisco, U.C. Hastings College of Law, and San Francisco University.
San Jose College, San Jose City College, West Valley High School, Mission College and Evergreen Valley College, offer associate titles, public education units to transfer to CSU and UC schools, and adult and ongoing education programs. The Western Campus Palmer College of Chiropractic is also located in San Jose.
WestMed College is headquartered in San Jose and offers paramedical training, emergency medical technician training, and licensed vocational nursing programs.
The University of California mengoperasikan Lick Observatory atop Mount Hamilton.
The West Seminary has one of its four campuses in San Jose, which opened at Calvary Church campus of Los Gatos in 1985. The campus was relocated in 2010 to Santa Clara. The West is a Christian and evangelical graduate school that provides theological training for students who hope to serve in various ministry roles including pastors, marriage and family therapists, educators, missionaries and lay leadership. The San Jose Campus offers four master's degrees, and various other graduate level programs.
National Hispanic University offers associate and graduate degrees and teaches credentials to its students, focusing on Hispanic students, until closing in 2015.
Main & amp; secondary education
Until the opening of Lincoln High School in 1943, San Jose students only attended San Jose High School. San Jose has 127 primary schools, 47 middle, and 44 public schools high. Public education in the city is provided by four high school districts, fourteen basic districts, and four integrated school districts (which provide primary and secondary schools). In addition to the San Jose Main School District School (SJUSD), other nearby school districts from nearby towns are Milpitas Integrated School District, Morgan Hill Unified School District, and Santa Clara Uniting School District.
Private schools in San Jose are mainly run by religious groups. The Catholic Diocese of San Jose has the second largest student population in Santa Clara County, behind only SJUSD; His diocese and parishes operate several schools in the city, including six secondary schools: the Archbishop's High School, Bellarmine College of Colleges, Notre Dame College, St. Francis High School, and High School of Presentation. Other private secondary schools that are not administered by the diocese include two Baptist high schools, Liberty Baptist School and White Road Baptist Academy, a Protestant non-denominational high school, Valley Valley College (San Jose, California), one University prep school, Cambrian Academy , The nonsectarian H-12 Karker School with four campuses in the western part of San Jose, and a high school from the Lutheran Evangelical Synod of Wisconsin, the Lutheran Apostles Secondary School.
Library
San José's Public Library System is unique in that it's a Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. combining a collection of city systems with the main library of San Jose State University. In 2003, the construction of the library, which now has more than 1.6 million items, is the largest single library building project west of the Mississippi, with eight floors producing more than 475,000 square feet (44,100 m 2 ) space with a capacity of 2 million volumes.
The city has 23 neighborhood branches including Biblioteca Latinoamericana specializing in Spanish language work. The East San Jose Carnegie Branch Library, the Carnegie library opened in 1908, is the last Carnegie library in Santa Clara County that still operates as a public library and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As a result of the size of the bonds passed in November 2000, a number of new or fully reconstructed branches have been completed and opened. The new unnamed Southeast Branch is also planned, so the bond library project will be completed.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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