Palermo ( Italian: Ã, [pa'l? rmo] Ã, ( listen ) , Sicily: Palermu , Latin: Panormus , from Greek: ???????? , Panormos ) is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of the Sicilian autonomous region and the Metropolitan City of Palermo. The city is renowned for its history, culture, architecture, and cooking skills, playing an important role in most of its existence; over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of Sicily Island, right on the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The city was founded in 734 BC by Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then belonged to Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and finally part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Sicilian Emirate when the first city became the capital. The Arabs changed the Greek name to Bal'harm (Arabic: ??????? ?), Roots for Today's Name Palermo. After the Norman conquest, Palermo became the capital of the new empire (1130-1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Emperor Frederick II and King Conrad IV.
Palermo's urban population is estimated by Eurostat to be 855,285, while its metropolitan area is the fifth most populous in Italy with about 1.2 million people. In the central area, the city has a population of about 676,000 people. The inhabitants are known as Palermitani or, poetically, panormiti . The language spoken by its inhabitants is Italian and the Palermitano dialect of Sicilian.
Palermo is the cultural, economic and tourism capital of Sicily. The city is rich in history, culture, art, music, and food. Many tourists are drawn to the city to enjoy the good Mediterranean weather, its cooking skills and its renowned restaurants, Romanesque churches, Gothic and Baroque, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is a major Sicilian industrial and commercial center: major industrial sectors including tourism, services, trade and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy. In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo is one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the major tourist destinations in Italy and Europe. This is the main venue of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Church of CefalÃÆ'¹ and Monreale . The city will also go through rebuilding carefully, preparing to become one of the major cities in the Euro-Mediterranean region.
Roman Catholicism is very important in Palermitano culture. Saint Patron of Palermo is Santa Rosalia whose Feast Day is celebrated on July 15th. This area attracts many tourists every year and is widely known for its colorful fruits, vegetables and fish markets in the heart of Palermo, known as Vucciria, BallarÃÆ'² and Capo .
Video Palermo
Geography
Palermo is located in the basin, formed by the Papireto, Kemonia and Oreto rivers. The valley was named the Conca d'Oro (the Golden Basin) by the Arabs in the 9th century. The city is surrounded by mountains named after the city itself. These mountains overlook the Tyrrhenian Sea. Palermo is home to a natural harbor and offers views over the sea, especially from Monte Pellegrino.
Climate
Palermo experiences a mild Mediterranean climate (mild climate classification KÃÆ'¶ppen: Csa ) with moderate seasons. Summer is hot and dry due to the dominance of the subtropical high pressure system, while the winter experiences moderate and fluid temperatures, rainy weather due to the polar front. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the hottest cities in Europe (mainly because of its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18.5 ° C (65.3 ° F), this is the hottest city in Italy. It receives about 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is usually rare, but it sometimes happens during the strongest cold spell. Between the 1940s and 2000s there were eleven times when considerable snowfall had occurred. In 1949 and 1956, when the minimum temperature dropped to 0 Â ° C (32 Â ° F), the city was covered by several centimeters of snow. Snowfall also occurred in 1999, 2009 and 2015. Average annual temperatures of the ocean above 19 ° C (66 ° F); from 14Ã, Â ° C (57Ã, Â ° F) in February to 26Ã, Â ° C (79Ã, Â ° F) in August. In the period from November to May, average ocean temperatures exceed 18 ° C, (64 ° F) and in the period from June to October, the average ocean temperature exceeds 21 ° C (70 ° F) ).
Topography
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, which form a cirque around the city. Some of the city's districts are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the interior of Sicily from the city due to mounts. The highest peak of its range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 meters (4,373 ft) high. However, historically, the most important mountain is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by the plains. The hill is right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino cliffs depicted in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "the most beautiful cape of the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".
River
Today both the Papireto and Kemonia rivers are covered by buildings. However, the shape of the former flow of water is still recognizable today, because the roads built on it follow its shape. Today the only unspoiled waterway is the Oreto river that divides the city center from the western city center and industrial district. However, in the reservoirs there are many seasonal torrents that help form a swampy plain, reclaimed throughout history; a good example can be found in the Mondello region.
District
The points shown above are thirty-five quarters of Palermo: these thirty-five neighborhoods or "quartiere" as they are known, are subdivided into eight government community councils.
Landmarks
Palermo has at least two city wall rings, many parts still survive. The first ring surrounds the ancient core of the Phoenician city - called Palaeopolis (in eastern Porta Nuova) and Neapolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele is the main east-west road through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city is on Via Roma and the ancient port around Piazza Marina. Circuit on the wall around Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.
In the medieval period, the walled city was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continues to be the main east-west road through the walled city. The western gate is still Porta Nuova, the wall continues Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turns east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the Via Cavour line. In this northeastern corner there is a defense, Castello a Mare, to protect the port at La Cala. A large chain is used to block La Cala with the other end at Santa Maria della Catena (St. Mary of the Chain). Sea-side walls are along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the north side of Via Abramo Lincoln, along the Corso Tukory. The wall turns north on about Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova.
Several gates in the city wall survived. The wall image can be seen here.
Opera House
Until the beginning of the 20th century there were hundreds of small opera theaters known as magazzeni in Palermo.
- Teatro Massimo ("Biggest Theater") opened in 1897. It is the largest in Italy (8,000 m 2 , 86,000 sqÃ, ft), and one of Europe's largest ( the third after the Opera Paris and Vienna State Opera), famous for its perfect acoustics. Enrico Caruso sang in the appearance of La Gioconda during the opening season, returning for Rigoletto at the end of his career. Closed for renovations from 1974 to 1997, it has now been restored and has an active schedule.
- Teatro Politeama was built between 1867 and 1874.
Squares
- Quattro Canti is a small box at the crossroads of ancient main streets (now: Corso Vittorio Emanuele and Via Maqueda) dividing the city into its quarters ( mandamenti ). The building on the corner has façade uaades diagonally so the square has almost octagonal shape.
- Piazza Pretoria was planned in the 16th century near Quattro Canti as a fountain by Francesco Camilliani, Fontana Pretoria
More views
The cathedral has a heliometer (solar observatory) dating from 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a small hole in one of the small domes acts as a pinhole camera, projecting sun shots to the floor during the daytime sun (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). There is a bronze line, la Meridiana , on the floor, running right in the north-south. The end of the line marks such a position as the turning points of summer and winter; Zodiac signs indicate various other dates throughout the year.
The purpose of the instrument is to standardize time and calendar measurements. The service in Sicily is that (24 hours) day is measured from the dawn, which of course means that no two locations have the same time and, more importantly, do not have the same time as in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It is also important to know when the spring turning point occurs, to provide the correct date for Easter.
Orto botanico di Palermo (Palermo Botanical Garden), founded in 1785, is the largest in Italy with a surface of 10 hectares (25 hectares).
One of the sites of interest is Catacomb Kapuchin, with many corpses mummified in varying degrees of preservation.
Close to the city is Monte Pellegrino as high as 600 meters (2,000 feet), offering panoramic views of the city, the surrounding mountains and the sea.
Another panoramic viewpoint is Cape Gallo peninsula (586 m, 1,923 ft), near Mondello Beach.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
UNESCO World Heritage Sites include the Royal Palace with Cappella Palatina, Church of San Giovanni degli Eremiti, Church of Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio, Church of San Cataldo, Cathedral of Palermo, Palazzo della Zisa and Ponte dell 'Admiral. It makes Italy a world with UNESCO world heritage sites, and Sicily is the most heavily populated region of Italy.
Maps Palermo
Demographics
In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of those living on the city border, of which 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under 15 reached 15.6% compared to retirees comprising 17.2% of the population. This compares to the Italian average of 14.1% of people under 15 years and 20.2% retirees. The average age of Palermo is 40.4 compared with the Italian average of 42.8. In the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of Palermo decreased 4.5%, while the Italian population, overall, grew by 6.0%. The reasons for the decline in Palermo were population flights to the suburbs, and to northern Italy. The birth rate at Palermo was 10.2 births per 1,000 population compared with the Italian average of 9.3 births.
In 2006, 97.79% of the population was of Italian descent. The largest immigrant group is from South Asia (mostly from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka): 0.80%, other European countries (mostly Albania, Romania, Serbia, Macedonia and Ukraine): 0.3%, and North Africa (partial large from Tunisia): 0.28%
History
Initial history
The evidence of human settlements in the area now known as Palermo goes back to at least the Mesolithic period, probably around 8000 BC, where a group of cave images near Addaura from that period have been found. The indigenous people are Sicani people who, according to Thucydides, arrive from the Iberian Peninsula (probably Catalonia).
Ancient period
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a marine trade man from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement in the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they name the settlement Ziz . It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remnants of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and largely preserved in the densely populated downtown centers, making every effort to dig into expensive and difficult logistics. The site chosen by the Phoenicians makes it easy to connect the port to the mountains with a straight path that has now become Corso Calatifimi. This path helped the Phoenicians in trade with populations living outside the mountains surrounding the bay.
The first settlement was known as Paleapolis ( ?????????? ), Ancient Greek word for " old city ", to distinguish it from the second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (? ???? ??? ), "new city". Neapolis was established on the east and simultaneously, monumental walls around the settlements were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some parts of this structure can still be seen in the district of Cassaro. The district is named after its own wall; said Cassaro comes from Arabic al-qa? r (castle, stronghold, see also alcÃÆ'¡zar). Along the walls there are several doors to access and out of town, indicating that trading even towards the inside of the island is common. In addition, according to some studies, there may be some walls that divide the old city from the new as well. The colony develops around the central road (decumanus), cut perpendicular by the small streets. This path today has become Corso Vittorio Emanuele.
Carthage is Palermo's main trading partner under the Phoenician government and the city enjoys prolonged peace during this period. Palermo was in contact with Ancient Greece between the 6th and 5th centuries BC that preceded the Sicilian War, the conflict between the Greeks in Syracuse and the Phoenician Carthaginians to rule the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos ( ???????? ) from where the current name is lowered, which means "all ports" because of the shape of the beach. It was from Palermo that the fleet of Hamilcar I (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 BC the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian war ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped fighting and united to stop Rome to gain complete control over the island during the First Punis War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to the Phoenician Carthage in 275 BC. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the Latin name). Carthage attempted to retake Panormus in 251 BC but failed.
Medieval
When the Roman Empire collapsed, Palermo fell under the control of several German tribes. The first is Vandal in 440 AD under the rule of their Geiseric king. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces of North Africa in 455 by establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily shortly thereafter. However, they soon lost newly acquired treasures to the Ostrogoths. The Conquest of Ostrogothic under Theodoric the Great begins in 488; Theodoric supports Roman culture and government unlike Germanic Goths. Gothic war occurred between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy under the control of General Belisarius commissioned by the Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his government in the following years.
The Arabs controlled the island in 904, and the Sicilian Emirate was founded. The Muslim government of the island lasted for about 120 years. Palermo ( Bal'harm during the Arab reign) replaced Syracuse as the capital of Sicily. It is said that then began to compete with CÃÆ'³rdoba and Cairo in terms of interest and grandeur. For over a hundred years Palermo is the emirate's emerging capital. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops that remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.
However, after the dynastic dispute took place, there was a Christian conquest in 1072. The family that returned the city to Christianity was called Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his troops, who were regarded as heroes by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that ownership in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula was promoted from Sicily to the Kingdom of Sicily. The royal capital is Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was carried out during this period, such as the construction of the Cathedral of Palermo. The Sicilian kingdom became one of the richest countries in Europe.
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of Emperor Frederick II. Palermo Muslims emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After the interval of Angevin's reign (1266-1282), Sicily conquered Aragon and the dynasty of Barcelona. By 1330, the population of Palermo had dropped to 51,000. From 1479 to 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under the control of the Savoy between 1713 and 1717 and 1718-1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.
Two Sicily
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was submitted to the House of Savoy, but in 1734 it belonged to Bourbon. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as the King of Sicily. Charles has a new home built for population growth, while trade and industry are also growing. However, now Palermo is now just another provincial city because the Royal Courts live in Naples. Charles's son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on his way to Palermo and was buried in the city.
When the Kingdom of Two Siciles was established, its original capital was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by turbulence, which culminated on January 12, 1848, with the popular uprising, the first in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and a constitution proclaimed. The first President is Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons regained Palermo in 1849, and remained under their rule until the time of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The famous general entered Palermo with his troops ("Thousands") on May 27, 1860. After a plebiscite that year, Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Italian Empire (1861).
Italian union and today
The majority of Sicilians prefer independence to the Savoy kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the site of popular uprising for a week, which was finally destroyed after the Military Emergence was declared. The Italian government blames the anarchists and the Church, especially the Archbishop of Palermo, for the uprising and begins to impose anti-Sicilian and anti-ulama policies. New cultural, economic and industrial growth driven by several families, such as Florio, Ducrot, Rutelli, Sandron, Whitaker, Utveggio, and others. At the start of the twentieth century, Palermo expanded beyond the walls of the old city, mostly north along new roads Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo , and Viale della LibertÃÆ' . These streets will soon boast a large number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the famous architect Ernesto Basile. Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a fine example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The massive Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, and built by Rutelli & amp; Macha built the industrial company and the old family of Rutelli Italy in Palermo, and opened in 1897.
During the Second World War, Palermo was not touched until the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943. In July, the harbor and the surrounding area were heavily bombed by the Allied troops and all were destroyed.
In 1946 the city was declared the seat of the Regional Parliament, as the capital of the Special Status Area (1947) sitting at the Palazzo dei Normanni.
The theme in modern-day cities is the struggle against the Mafia, the Red Brigade, and criminals like Salvatore Giuliano, who rule neighboring Montelepre. The Italian state must effectively share control of the region, economically and administratively, with the Mafia.
The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the main faces seen from the problem. The term is used to denote the speculative building practice that has filled cities with poor buildings, especially during the 1950s to the 1980s. The declining importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to massive migrations to the cities, especially Palermo, which swell in size, leading to a rapid expansion toward the north. The regulatory plan for expansion is largely ignored in the boom. New parts of the city appear almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, decent roads and other facilities characterizing a modern city.
Culture
Religion
Protector saint
Palermo's patron saint is Saint Rosalia, who is widely respected.
On July 14, people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino , the most important religious event of the year. Festino is a procession that passes through Palermo's main street to commemorate a miracle linked to the presumed St. Rosalia, liberating the city from the Black Death in 1624. His body was found in a cave in Monte Pellegrino, and he was constantly taken around the city three times, banishing the plague. There is a sanctuary that marks the place where his body was found which can be reached via a beautiful bus journey from the city.
Before 1624, Palermo had four patron saints, one for each of the four main parts of the city. They are Saint Agatha, Saint Christina, Saint Nympha, and Saint Olivia.
Saint Lucy is also honored with a strange celebration, in which the people of Palermo do not eat anything made with flour, but boil the grain in a natural state and use it to prepare a special dish called cucca. It commemorates the austerity of the city from starvation because of the magic associated with Saint Lucy; A ship full of wheat arrives mysteriously in a harbor town and the hungry population wastes no time making flour but eating the grain when it arrives.
Saint Benedict the Moor is a heavenly patron of the city of Palermo.
The city's ancient patron was the Palermo Genius, the genius locus and the numen protector of the place, which became the patron of modern Palermo layman.
Sports
Palermo hosts a professional football team, AS Citta in Palermo, often referred to as just Palermo, who competed in Serie B, who have been relegated to Serie B after the 2016-2017 season.
The Targa Florio is an open road endurance car race held near Palermo. Founded in 1906, it was once one of the oldest sports car racing events until it was discontinued in 1977 for safety reasons but has since been run as a rally event. Palermo is home to grand leave from 2008 Giro d'Italia. The initial stage is the TTT (Tim Time Trial) along the 28.5 kilometers (17.7 million)).
Internazionali Femminili in Palermo is an annual women's professional tennis event held in the city, which is part of the WTA Tour.
Economy and infrastructure
As the Sicilian administrative capital, Palermo is central to most of the region's financial, tourism and trade. The city is now an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has opened up many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also has trade, shipbuilding and agriculture. The city, however, still has a high unemployment rate, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia). Although the city is still suffering from widespread corruption, inefficient bureaucracy and organized crime, crime rates in Palermo have dropped dramatically, unemployment has declined and many new opportunities favorable to growth (particularly related to tourism) have been introduced, making cities more safe and better to live in.
Public transport
Palermo has a local train called Palermo metropolitan train service.
The Palermo public bus system is operated by AMAT covering a net area of ​​340 km (211 mi). Approximately 90 different routes reach every part of the city.
Palermo has a public tram system completed in 2015 and operated by AMAT. There are 4 lines:
- Roccella - Central Station
- Borgo Nuovo - Notarbartolo Station
- CEP - Notarbartolo Station
- Corso Calatafimi - Notarbartolo Station
The local coach, AST, with its 35-track trainers, links Palermo to all the major cities of Sicily.
Public Transport Statistics Palermo
The average amount of time people spend traveling by public transit in Palermo, for example to and from work, on weekdays is 63 minutes. 14.% of public transport drivers, driving for more than 2 hours every day. The average number of people waiting at the bus stop or station for public transport is 23 minutes, while 48% of drivers wait more than 20 minutes on average each day. The average distance a person usually rides on one trip by public transport is 4.4 km, while 3% travels for more than 12 km in one direction.
Road
Palermo is a key intersection on the Sicilian road network, being the crossroads between the eastern A19 motorway to Trapani, southeast A29 to the airport and Mazzara del Vallo and A19 to southwest Aria to Messina and A20 to Catania. Palermo is one of the main cities on the E90 European route. The three main national roads from Palermo are SS113, SS121, SS186 and SS624.
Airport
Palermo International Airport, known as Falcone-Borsellino Airport (formerly Punta Raisi Airport), is located 32 km (20 miles) west of Palermo. It is dedicated to Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, two anti-mafia judges who were murdered by the mafia in the early 1990s.
The airport train facility, known as the Punta Raisi train station, can be reached from Palermo Centrale, Palermo Notarbartolo and Palermo Francia train station.
Palermo-Boccadifalco Airport is the second airport in the city.
Port
The Port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, along with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here, the ferry connects Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis, and other cities and carries almost 2 million passengers each year. It is also an important port for cruises. Traffic includes nearly 5 million tons (5.5 million tons) of cargo and 80,000 TEUs per year. The harbor also has connections to smaller Sicilian islands such as Ustica and the Aeolian Islands (via CefalÃÆ'¹ in summer). Inside Port of Palermo there is a section known as "tourist marina" for sailing yachts and catamarans.
National rail
Palermo's main railway station is Palermo Centrale which connects to other cities in Sicily, including Agrigento, Trapani and Catania, and via Messina and the Strait to all of Italy. The train is also connected to the Palermo airport with departures every thirty minutes.
Education
The local university is the University of Palermo, the second oldest university on the island. It was officially established in 1806, although historical records show that drugs and laws have been taught there since the end of the 15th century. The Orto botanico di Palermo (botanical gardens of Palermo) is home to the university's Botany Department and is also open to visitors.
International relations
Twin towns and twin cities
Palermo adalah kembar dengan:
Orang-orang terkenal
- Mario Balotelli, pemain bola
- Mario Bardi, pelukis
- Paolo Borsellino, hakim
- Giovanni Falcone, hakim
- Ugo La Malfa, politisi
- Sergio Mattarella, politisi
- Salvatore Schillaci, pemain bola
- Carlo Gambino, gangster
- Thomas Lucchese, gangster
Galeri
Lihat juga
- Garis Besar Palermo
- Arab-Norman Palermo dan Gereja Katedral CefalÃÆ'¹ dan Monreale
- Daftar walikota Palermo
- Hugo Falcandus
Referrers
Sumber
Lihat juga: Bibliografi Palermo
- Fabbri, Patrizia (2005). Palermo e Monreale . Florence: Bonechi.
- Almsaodi, Aymn. Perlombaan Gurun .
- Appleton, D (2005). Dunia di Abad Pertengahan . Universitas Michigan.
- Langdale, Allan (2015). Palermo: Perjalanan di Kota Kebahagiaan .
Tautan eksternal
- Situs web resmi (dalam bahasa Italia)
- Pusat Informasi Turis
- Tourist Board Palermo
- Palermo Kupon
- Hal-hal yang harus dilakukan di Palermo
- Palermo capitale italiana della cultura 2018
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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