5-hydroxytryptamine receptor or 5-HT receptor , or serotonin receptor , is a group of protein-coupled G receptors and ligand-gated ion channels found in central and peripheral nervous system. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The serotonin receptors are activated by serotonin neurotransmitters, which act as their natural ligands.
The serotonin receptors modulate the release of many neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine/norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, as well as many hormones, including oxytocin, prolactin, vasopressin, cortisol, corticotropin, and P substances, among others. The serotonin receptors affect various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation. Serotonin receptors are targets of a wide range of pharmaceutical and recreational drugs, including many antidepressants, antipsychotics, anorectics, antiemetics, gastroprokinetic agents, antimigrain agents, hallucinogens, and entactogens.
The serotonin receptors are found in almost all animals and are even known to regulate longevity and aging behavior in primitive nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans .
Video 5-HT receptor
Classification
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor or 5-HT receptor, or serotonin receptor found in the central and peripheral nervous system. They can be divided into 7 families of G protein receptors in pairs except the 5-HT 3 receptor, the ligand-gated ion channel, which activates a second intracellular messenger cascade to produce an excitatory or inhibitory response.. In 2014, the new 5-HT receptor is isolated from a small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, and is named pr5-HT 8 . This does not occur in mammals and has relatively low similarities with the known 5-HT receptor class.
Family
Subtype
Common classes of serotonin receptors include a total of 14 known serotonin receptors. Specific types have been characterized as follows:
Note that there is no 5-HT receptor 1C since, after receptors are cloned and further characterized, are found to have more in common with the 5-HT 2 receptor family and are redesigned as receptors 5-HT 2C .
The excellent non-selective agonists of the 5-HT receptor subtype include ergotamine (antimigraine), which activates 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1B, D2 and norepinephrine receptors. LSD (psychedelic) is 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT5A, 5-HT5, 5-HT6 agonist.
Maps 5-HT receptor
Pattern expression
The genes encoding the serotonin receptors are expressed through the mammalian brain. The coding genes for different types of receptors follow different developmental curves. In particular, there is an increase in the development of HTR5A expression in several subcations of the human cortex, paralleled by a decrease in HTR1A expression from the embryonic period to the postnatal period.
5-HT 1 -like
A number of receptors are classified as "5-HT 1 -like" - in 1998 it was said that, because this receptor is "heterogeneous population 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5- HT7" the classification receptors were redundant.
References
External links
- The Serotonin Receptor at the National Library of Medicine US Subject of Medical Subject (MeSH)
- "5-Hydroxythriptamine Receptor". IUPHAR Database from Receptor and Ion Channel . International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
- Rubenstein LA, Lanzara RG (2005-02-16). "Activation of protein-coupled G receptors requires cysteine ​​modulation of binding agonists". Cogprints . Retrieved 2008-04-11 .
- Paterson LM, Kornum BR, Nutt DJ, Pike VW, Knudsen GM (2013). "5-HT radioligands for human brain imaging with PET and SPECT". Med Res Rev . 33 (1): 54-111. doi: 10.1002/med.20245. PMCÃ, 4188513 . PMID 21674551.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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