The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest ethnic Chinese population outside Asia, which is the largest American metropolitan Asian group in the United States and the largest Asian-national metropolitan diaspora in the western hemisphere. The American Chinese population in the New York City metropolitan area is estimated at 812,410 in 2015.
New York City and surrounding areas, including Long Island and parts of New Jersey, are home to 12 Chinatowns, the early US race ghettos in which Chinese immigrants are made to live for economic viability and physical safety are now known as important sites of tourism and economic activity urban areas. Six Chinatowns (or nine, including Chinatowns sprang up in Corona and Whitestone, Queens, and East Harlem, Manhattan) are located in New York City, and each is located in Nassau County, Long Island; Edison, New Jersey; and Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey. This excludes emerging Chinese ethnic pockets throughout the New York metropolitan area, such as Jersey City, New Jersey; China City of America in Sullivan County, New York; and Dragon Springs in Deerpark, Orange County, New York. The American Chinese community in the New York metropolitan area is increasing rapidly in population as well as economic and political influence. Continuing significant immigration from Mainland China, both legal and illegal, has spurred an increase in the Chinese population in the New York metropolitan area; this immigration and its accompanying growth in the influence of China's presence continue to be driven by the status of New York as a global city of alpha, its high population density, its massive mass transportation system and the metropolitan economy market in New York.
Video Chinese in New York City
History
Among the earliest documented immigrant settlers in New York City were from "seafarers and traveling traders" in the 1830s and again in 1847, when three students arrived to continue their education in the US. One of the scholars, Yung Wing, soon became the first. The American Chinese graduated from US college in 1854, when Wing graduated from Yale University.
Many other Chinese immigrants arrived and settled in Lower Manhattan during the 1800s, including a wave of Chinese immigrants in the 1870s looking for "gold." In 1880, the enclave area around Five Points was estimated to have 200 to 1,100 members. However, the Chinese Exceptions Act, enacted in 1882, caused a sudden drop in the number of Chinese emigrating to New York and throughout the United States. Then, in 1943, the Chinese were given a small quota, the Immigration and Citizenship Act of 1965 led to the rise of Chinese immigration, and the population gradually increased until 1968, when the quota was lifted and the Chinese American population skyrocketed.
In 1992, New York City officially began providing language support for election materials in Chinese.
Maps Chinese in New York City
Demographics
New York City borough
New York City has the largest Chinese population in any city outside Asia and in the US with an estimated population of 573,388 by 2014, and continues to be a major destination for new Chinese immigrants. The city of New York is divided into official municipal territories, which are home to significant Chinese populations, with Brooklyn and Queens, located on Long Island, leading the fastest growth. After New York City itself, Queens and Brooklyn districts cover the largest Chinese population, respectively, of all municipalities in the United States.
Large-scale migration continues from China
In 2013, 19,645 Chinese were legally immigrating to New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA core statistical area of ​​Mainland China, greater than the combined total for Los Angeles and San Francisco, China's next two largest Chinese. gate; in 2012, this number is 24,763; 28,390 in 2011; and 19,811 in 2010. These figures exclude the rest of New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistics Area, nor include a much smaller number of legal immigrants from Taiwan and Hong Kong. There is also a consequential component of China's illegal emigration, especially Fuzhou people from Fujian and Wenzhounese of Zhejiang in mainland China, which is specifically destined for New York City, beginning in the 1980s.
The quantification of the magnitude of this emigration modality is inappropriate and varies over time, but it seems to continue on a significant basis. In December 2015, China Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines all serve John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), while Air China and Cathay Pacific Airways serve JFK and Newark Liberty International Airport in the New York metropolitan area - and at between US carriers, United Airlines flew relentlessly from Newark to Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Hainan Airlines has applied to launch non-stop flights between Tianjin and New York from June 2016.
In the population of China, New York City is also home to between 150,000 and 200,000 Americans of Fuzhounese, which has had a major impact on the Chinese restaurant industry throughout the United States; most of the resident population of the United States has settled in New York.
The population of Chinese immigrants in New York City grew from 261,500 foreign-born people in 2000 to 350,000 in 2011, representing a growth of over 33% of the demographics. Chinese immigrants represent 12,000 requests for state asylum in fiscal year 2013, of which 4,000 are applying for asylum to the New York area's asylum office. Due to the widespread immigration fraud report in the city found in 2012, only about 15% of China's asylum applications in the New York asylum office are approved annually in 2013, compared to 40% of China's asylum demand nationwide.
Geography
Chinatown Manhattan is the original Chinatown. Fuzhou Small in Manhattan is a different ethnoculture environment with Manhattan Chinatown itself, inhabited mainly by Fujian people. The Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn is another home like Fuzhou Small. Queens and Brooklyn are home to other Chinatowns. The Flushing as well as the Elmhurst area of ​​Queens and many of the growing neighborhoods of Brooklyn have also spawned many other Chinatown developments. Much of Manhattan, as well as Corona in Queens, Brooklyn Heights and Park Slope areas in Brooklyn, and northeast of Staten Island, have also received significant Chinese settlements.
Chinatown
Manhattan (?????)
Chinatown Manhattan holds the highest concentration of Chinese in the western hemisphere. Manhattan Chinatown is actually divided into two distinct parts. The western part is the older and original part of Manhattan's Chinatown, predominantly dominated by the Cantonese population and is known colloquially as Cantonese Chinatown. Canton was a former settler in Chinatown Manhattan, mostly from Hong Kong and from Taishan in Guangdong Province, as well as from Shanghai. They form a large part of the Chinese population in an area surrounded by Mott and Canal Streets.
However, in Chinatown that stretches across Manhattan, it is located Little Fuzhou or Chinatown of Fuzhou on East Broadway and the surrounding streets, mostly occupied by immigrants from Fujian province in Mainland China. They are the next settlers, from Fuzhou, Fujian, who form the majority of the Chinese population around East Broadway. The eastern part of Manhattan Chinatown grew considerably after the Fuzhou immigrants began to move in.
The area around "Fuzhou Kecil" consists of a large number of Cantonese immigrants from Guangdong China, but the main Canton concentration is in the older western part of Chinatown Manhattan. Despite the fact that the Mandarin-speaking community became established in the Flushing and Elmhurst areas of Queens during the 1980s-90s and although Fuzhou immigrants also often spoke Mandarin, due to their socioeconomic status, they were unable to pay housing prices in Chinese-speaking enclaves in Queens , a more middle-class and limited employment opportunities. Instead they chose to settle in Chinatown Manhattan for affordable housing and as well as available job opportunities such as tailor-made factories and restaurants, despite traditional Cantonese dominance until the 1990s. Eventually this pattern is repeated in Brooklyn Park Chinatown Brooklyn, but on a much larger scale.
However, the Cantonese dialect that has dominated Chinatown for decades is rapidly being knocked out by Chinese, Chinese national languages ​​and lingua franca due to the influx of Fuzhou-speaking immigrants who often speak Mandarin and also now more Chinese-speaking visitors who come to visit the neighborhood. Chinatown's modern borders around Delancey Street in the north, Chambers Street to the south, East Broadway to the east, and Broadway to the west.
Queens (????)
New York City's satellite Chinatown in Queens, as well as in Brooklyn, evolved as a traditional urban area, as large-scale Chinese immigration to New York continues, with the largest Chinese metropolitan population outside of Asia.
The Flushing Chinatown, in the Flushing area of ​​the Queens region of New York City, is one of the largest and fastest growing ethnic Chinese enclaves outside Asia, as well as in New York City itself. Main Street and the area to the west, especially along Roosevelt Avenue, has become the main center of Flushing Chinatown. However, Flushing Chinatown continues to flourish southeast along Kissena Boulevard and north beyond Northern Boulevard. In the 1970s, the Chinese community built a foothold around Flushing, whose constituency was predominantly non-Hispanic whites. Taiwan started a wave of immigration. Originally started as Little Taipei or Little Taiwan because of Taiwan's large population. Due to the dominance of the Cantonese immigrant working class from Chinatown in Manhattan including poor housing conditions, they can not relate to them and settle in Flushing.
Later, when other Chinese-speaking non-Cantonese groups started to flock to NYC, like Taiwanese, they could not connect with the dominant Cantonese Chinatown in Manhattan, as a result they mainly settled with Taiwanese to be around speakers of Chinese. Later, Chinatown Flushing will be a major center for various Chinese regional groups and cultures in NYC. In 1990, Asians constituted 41% of the Flushing core population, with China in turn representing 41% of the Asian population. However, Chinese ethnicity is an increasingly dominant proportion of the Asian population as well as the overall population in Flushing and Chinatown. The 1986 estimate by the Flushing Chinese Business Association estimated that 60,000 Chinese were in Flushing alone. Mandarin Chinese (including Northeast Mandarin), Fuzhou dialect, Min Nan Fujianese, Wu China, Beijing dialect, Wenzhounese, Shanghainese, Suzhou dialect, Hangzhou dialect, Changzhou dialect, Cantonese, Hokkien and English are all commonly used in Flushing Chinatown, Mongolia is emerging now. Even the relatively familiar style of Dongbei cuisine in Northeast China is now available there. Given its rapidly growing status, Chinatown Chinatown may have exceeded the size and population of the original New York City Chinatown in the Borough of Manhattan, while Queens and Brooklyn compete for the largest Chinese population of any municipality in the United States other than New York City as a whole.
Elmhurst, another neighborhood in Queens, also has a large and growing Chinese community. Previously a small area with Chinese shops on Broadway between 81st Street and Cornish Avenue, the new Chinatown has now grown to 45th Avenue and Whitney Avenue. Since 2000, thousands of Chinese Americans have migrated to Whitestone, Queens (??), given the considerable presence of nearby Flushing Chinatown, and continue their eastward expansion in Queens and into neighboring Nassau (???) in Long Island (??).
Brooklyn (??????)
In 1988, 90% of the storefront at Eighth Avenue in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, was abandoned. Chinese immigrants then moved to this area, not only consisting of newcomers from China, but also members of Manhattan Chinatowns seeking protection from high rents, which flocked to the cost of low-cost properties and rented the Sunsets Park and formed the original Brooklyn Chinatown, now stretches 20 blocks along 8th Avenue, from 42nd to 62nd Streets. The relatively new but rapidly growing Chinatown at Sunset Park was originally inhabited by Cantonese immigrants like the Chinatown of Manhattan in the past. However, in recent decades, the influx of Fuzhou immigrants has flowed into Chinatown Brooklyn and replaced Canton significantly higher than in Manhattan Chinatown, and Brooklyn Chinatown is now home to most Fuzhou immigrants. In the past, during the 1980s and 1990s, the majority of newly arrived Fuzhou immigrants settled in Chinatown Manhattan, and the first community of Little Fuzhou emerged in Chinatown Manhattan; in the first decade of the 21st century, however, the large current epicenter of Fuzhou has shifted to the Brooklyn Chinatown, which is now home to the fastest growing and perhaps the largest population in New York City. Unlike Little Fuzhou in Chinatown Manhattan, which is still surrounded by areas that continue to be a significant resident of Cantonese, all of the Brooklyn Chinatown quickly consolidates into the new Little Fuzhou New York City. However, the growing community of Wenzhounese immigrants from Zhejiang China has also arrived in the Brooklyn Chinatown. Also in stark contrast to Chinatown Manhattan, which still continues to carry large Cantonese and retain the large Cantonese community founded a few decades ago in the west, where Cantonese have communal spots to shop, work and socialize, Brooklyn Chinatown is rapidly losing its identity Cantonese community.
Like Manhattan Chinatown during the 1980s 90s before the coming gentrification period, Brooklyn's Chinatown became the main affordable housing center for Fuzhou immigrants and employment opportunities ranging from tailors and restaurants even though it was also dominated by Cantonese immigrants in previous years.
Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, and Avenue U in Homecrest, Brooklyn, alongside Bay Ridge, Borough Park, Coney Island, Dyker Heights, Gravesend and Marine Rark, have spawned the development of new satellite Chinatowns in Brooklyn, as evidenced by the growing number of fruit markets , restaurants, beauty and nail salons, small offices, and computer dealers and consumer electronics. While Chinese-born Chinese in New York City jumped 35 percent between 2000 and 2013, to 353,000 from about 262,000, the overseas-born Chinese population in Brooklyn rose 49 percent over the same period, to 128,000 from 86,000, according to The New York Times . The emergence of several Chinatowns in Brooklyn is due to the high density and property values ​​in the main Brooklyn Brooklyn chapter in Sunset Park, and many Cantonese immigrants have moved from the Sunset Park to these new areas. As a result, the newly emerging Brooklyn Chinatowns, but smaller are dominated by Cantonese, while the main Brooklyn Chinatown is increasingly dominated by Fuzhou emigrants.
List
- Chinatown in NYC:
- Chinatown, Manhattan (????)
- Little Fuzhou (???)
- East Harlem (????)
- Chinatown in Queens (??):
- Chinatown, Flushing (?????)
- Chinatown, Elmhurst (???, ?????)
- Corona, Queens
- Whitestone, Queens (??)
- Chinatown in Brooklyn (????):
- Chinatown, Sunset Park (??????)
- Chinatown, Avenue U (???, U ??)
- Chinatown, Bensonhurst (???, ????)
- Chinatown, Manhattan (????)
Culture
Language
For much of the overall history of the Chinese community in New York City, Taishian is the dominant Chinese dialect. After 1965, the influx of immigrants from Hong Kong made Cantonese dialect a dominant dialect for the next three decades.
Then, during the 1970s-80s, Taiwanese immigrants and Fuzhou immigrants began to arrive to New York City. Taiwanese settled in Flushing, Queens while still dominated by European Americans, while Fuzhou immigrants settled in Chinatown which was then dominated Canton in Manhattan. The people of Taiwan and Fuzhou were the earliest Chinese immigrants who arrived in New York who spoke Mandarin but were not Cantonese, although many spoke with their local Chinese dialects as well.
Since the mid-1990s, the influx of immigrants from various parts of Mainland China has begun to arrive, with the increasing influence of Chinese in the Chinese-speaking world, and the Chinese parents' desire to get their children to learn this language, the Mandarin has been in the process of becoming a lingua the dominant franca among the Chinese population in New York City. In Chinatown Manhattan, many new Mandarin-speaking immigrants live around East Broadway, while Chinatown in Brooklyn and Queens also witnessed the entry of Chinese Chinese.
However, different Chinese cultural and linguistic groups and socioeconomic status are often divided between different districts of New York City. In Queens, Chinatown is very diverse, comprised of different Chinese regional groups especially speaking Mandarin although speaking with other dialects as well, and more often middle or upper middle class. As a result, Mandarin lingua franca is mainly concentrated in Queens. However, since Chinatown in Manhattan and the Chinese enclave in Brooklyn still has a large Cantonese-speaking population, which was previously Chinese immigrants who arrived in New York City with the popularity of Cantonese Hong Kong cuisine and widely available entertainment, Cantonese dialect and culture still have influence, and Cantonese is still a lingua franca in the pockets.
Despite the enormous population of Fuzhou in Chinatown in Manhattan and the Chinese enclave in Brooklyn, many of them also speak Mandarin, the Chinese influence in the enclave is only one of the lingua francas other than Cantonese, rather than being the dominant one. - unlike in the Chinese pockets of Queens, where Mandarin is the most dominant lingua franca, despite the rich variety of Chinese regional languages ​​in Queens - as there are fewer Chinese speakers than the people of Fuzhou in Manhattan and Brooklyn than in Queens. However, in Brooklyn, Fuzhou's speakers dominated in the big Chinatown at Sunset Park, while some small Chinatowns that appeared in different parts of Bensonhurst and in Sheepshead Bay were mainly Cantonese, unlike in Manhattan, where the cantonese enclave and the Fuzhou enclave were directly adjacent with each other.
Media
The World Journal , one of the largest Chinese-language newspapers outside Asia, has its headquarters in Whitestone, Queens, while The Epoch Times , a multi-lingual, multinational newspaper with presence of significant Chinese language, headquartered in Manhattan. The Hong Kong multinational Hong Kong SingTao Daily maintains its overseas headquarters in Chinatown, Manhattan. The Beijing-based English newspaper China Daily publishes a US edition, based in 1500 Broadway skyscrapers in Times Square. In addition, Global Chinese Times was published in Edison, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Museum
The Museum of Chinese in America is located in Chinatown Manhattan, at 215 Center Street, and has been documenting the American Chinese experience since 1980.
Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is celebrated annually throughout New York City's Chinatown. Chinese New Year is signed into law as a permitted school holiday in New York State by Governor Andrew Cuomo in December 2014, as attendance rates have reached 60% in some schools in New York City today.
Education
Shuang Wen School is a public school in Chinatown Manhattan, also known as P.S. 184M, as part of the New York City Department of Education, which offers dual language learning programs in Mandarin and English. The Huaxia Edison Chinese School operates in Edison, New Jersey as a branch of the Huaxia Chinese School system. Chinese Americans conspire with the general population in nine public high schools in New York City, including the Stuyvesant Middle School and the Bronx College of Science.
Transportation
A dollar van system operates among the various Chinatowns in New York City. Van dollars (which is different from, and not to be confused with, Chinatown bus lanes), go from Manhattan Chinatown to places in Sunset Park, Brooklyn; Elmhurst, Queens; and Flushing, Queens. There is also a service from Flushing to Sunset Park that does not pass through Manhattan. Contrary to their name, van dollar dollar fare is $ 2.50, which is cheaper than the New York City transit rate of $ 2.75 in 2015.
There are also intercity bus services operating from Chinatown in New York City.
By 2016 two Taiwan airlines provide free shuttle service to and from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to customers based in New Jersey.
- China Airlines service stops at Fort Lee, Parsippany, and Jersey City
- EVA Air service stops in Jersey City, Piscataway, Fort Lee, and East Hanover.
Political influence
The American political stature of New York City has become prominent. In 2017, Guo Wengui, a Chinese political billionaire who became a political activist, has been in exile in New York City, where he has a $ US68 million apartment on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, facing Central Park. He continues to pursue a political agenda to bring attention to the alleged corruption in China's political system from his home in New York. John Liu, born in Taiwan, a former member of the 20th City Council representing District 20, which includes Flushing Chinatown and other northern Queens neighborhoods, was elected to his current position as New York City's Financial Supervisor in November 2009, becoming the first Asian American elected for offices all over town in New York City. Simultaneously, Peter Koo, born in Shanghai, was selected to succeed Liu for the seat of membership of this council. Margaret Chin became the first Chinese American woman to represent Chinatown Manhattan in New York City Council, elected in 2009. Grace Meng is a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing New York's 6th congress district in Queens since 2009. Of over 2,100 Asian Americans in the uniformed ranks of the New York Police Department in 2015 - about 6 percent of the total - roughly half of them Chinese Americans, police statistics show, a figure that has increased tenfold since 1990.
Economic influence
The economic influence of the Chinese in New York City has also increased. The majority of New York City real estate cash purchases in the first half of 2015 were traded by China as a combination of Chinese Chinese and Chinese abroad. Three of Manhattan real estate cash buyer names during that time period are Chen, Liu, and Wong. China has also invested billions of dollars into New York commercial real estate since 2013. According to the China Daily, a culprit currently under construction at Staten Island is scheduled to be one of the highest and most expensive in the world with an estimated US cost $ 500 million, has received US $ 170 million in funding from about 300 Chinese investors through the US EB-5 immigrant investor program, which provides permanent residency to foreign investors in return for investment that creates jobs in the United States, with Chinese immigration to New York City dominates this list. Chinese millionaires have bought New York properties to use as pied-ÃÆ' -terre, often priced in tens of millions of dollars, and by 2016, Chinese middle-class investors are buying up real estate in New York. Chinese companies have also increased billions of dollars in stock exchanges in New York through an initial public offering.
Purity and water availability
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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